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Full Description
This volume explores opportunities and challenges in articulating and implementing a robust but flexible set of strategies for meeting India's primary energy needs; making the energy system more resilient, in order to drive India's economic growth, and more equitable, in order to fulfil the basic energy needs of all citizens in an uncertain future. A range of national scenarios is explored to examine possibilities of fuel and technology substitutions along two time horizons: in some detail until 2030 and also mapping out plausible pathways to 2050.
This volume is the first time a tripartite effort has been undertaken by an IOC (Shell) and two reputed think-tanks (CEEW and TERI) to develop a single narrative on energy choices and related issues in India. It combines Shell's international and energy-specific know-how with CEEW and TERI's domestic and broader sustainable development experience. Finally, it is unique in its treatment of the energy sector as a whole in India's development (focusing on both the technology and policy dimensions), and in its engagement with the world (including diplomatic and security dimensions).
Contents
Foreword by Harry Brekelmans, Jamshyd N Godrej and Ajay Mathur
Preface
Acknowledgements
Overview
Four impending transitions
India's energy aspirations
India's energy choices
Coal, gas and renewables in the primary energy mix
Which transport fuels can India depend on for its growing mobility needs?
A "no-regret" strategy for infrastructure
Articulating a technology trajectory under uncertainty
An integrated energy pricing regime sensitive to the needs of India's energy-poor
Aligning energy pricing with policy objectives
Relying on overseas assets or global energy markets to deal with volatility in global energy prices
An integrated policy environment
INDIA'S ENERGY FUTURE
On an energy-intensive industrialization pathway
Climbing the energy ladder
Increased role for renewables
Importing fossil fuels: essential for an industrializing India
Transportation for a growing population
Energy for an urbanizing India
Reducing energy poverty with cleaner fuels
Preparing for a decarbonizing world
Conclusions
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR AN INTEGRATED ENERGY SYSTEM
Energy consumption and the infrastructure required
Infrastructure and lock-in
Regulating India's future energy infrastructure
Laws
Regulating energy infrastructure through contracts
Putting together the pieces
Coal
Natural gas
Renewables
Domestic manufacturing and research and development
Soft infrastructure
Building human capabilities
Financing
Conclusions
TECHNOLOGY FOR A PRODUCTIVE ENERGY SYSTEM
Key technologies required for India's energy system
Coal reserves and production
Oil and gas reserves and production
Conversion technologies
Transmission and distribution
Demand technologies
Conclusions
PRICING FOR AN EFFICIENT ENERGY SYSTEM
Why is efficient pricing important?
India a market in transition—the need for efficient energy markets
Efficiency pricing to integrate domestic and international energy supply
Coal pricing in India
Gas pricing
Electricity pricing
Raising energy prices (as only one means) to ensure investment
Managing the transition to higher prices
Reforming energy subsidies
Moving to renewables
Energy conservation and innovative pricing
Taxation
Upstream hydrocarbon taxation
INDIA IN GLOBAL ENERGY MARKETS
Seeking energy security, not energy independence
Understanding energy security
Evolving definitions of energy security—more than quantities and prices
Energy security for India
Seeking assured supply
Public, private or both?
Lagging far behind China
An effective strategy?
Seeking safe passage
Ownership of tankers
Cooperating over security threats?
Seeking secure storage
Adequate storage?
Is additional storage the only way?
What institutional best practices?
Seeking international cooperation
Little capacity to be involved in multiple forums
Choosing functional institutions
Conclusions
POLITICS AND POLICIES FOR A RESILIENT AND EQUITABLE ENERGY SYSTEM
The need for stable and consistent policies
The licensing regime for exploring hydrocarbons
Rationing domestic national gas
Coal mining
The need for an integrated policy environment
Linking supply to demand
Ensuring energy access
Generating thermal power
Strengthening institutional links
Moving to independent regulation
Conclusion
