Contents
1. Epidemiology and Global Distribution of Melasma
2. Etiological Factors and Triggering Factors
3. Etiopathogenesis of Melasma
4. Clinical Features and Classification of Melasma, Wood's Lamp, and Melasma Area Severity Index Score
5. Investigation in Melasma: Histopathology, and In Vivo Reflection Confocal Microscopy in Melasma
6. Investigation in Melasma: Dermoscopy in Melasma
7. Photoprotection for Melasma
8. Hydroquinone-based Therapies for Melasma
9. Nonhydroquinone-based Therapies for Melasma
10. Oral Agents in the Treatment of Melasma
11. Chemical Peels for the Treatment of Melasma
12. Lasers in Melasma
13. Melasma and Quality of Life
14. Melasma in Men
15. Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation
16. Platelet-rich Plasma Therapy, Microneedling, and Mesotherapy for the Treatment of Melasma
17. Treatment of Melasma: Current Understanding and Future Trends
18. Blue Light in Melasma
