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ContentsCompanies. Introduction - Anne-Therese Michel: The Sources of Oil History. Total Group's Historical Archives - Andre Philippon: The French Example. The 1928s Laws. Longevity and Effectiveness of the Approach to Creating and Maintaining a National Oil Industry in a Consumer Country - Appearances and Realities - Douglas A. Yates: Life Stories and Family Histories of the French Oil Industry. The Rise and Fall of the Corps des Mines - Mohamed Sassi: The Merger between CFP and Desmarais Freres in 1965. Toward Formation of Total Group - Samir Saul: SN REPAL, CFP and "Oil-Paid-in-Francs" - Pier Angelo Toninelli: Energy Supply and Economic Development in Italy. The Role of the State-owned Companies - Gabriel Tortella: Oil Policies in 20
Oil is undoubtedly rather more than a mere hydrocarbon. It is a development factor, an essential element in energy balances, a strategic weapon, a resource characterized by unequal distribution, and also by unequal consumption. For more than a century now, it has showed its importance, whether during periods of crisis, or at times of strong growth. Under such circumstances, few countries have allowed mere market laws to operate freely. Whether visible or discreet, the hand of the State has been present in many cases, depending on different purposes and taking various forms. Hence national companies developed, if only in order to deal with the Majors and their greatly feared power. One finds examples of national companies both in Western Europe and in certain developing countries that have substantial resources on their soil. Those companies did not all experience the same destiny, but they have sometimes influenced the rules of the oil game.The colloquium held in Paris in 2003 ("National oil companies: history, characteristics, comparisons from the inter-war period to the end of the 20Contents
