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Full Description
Plant adaptation is a fundamental process in plant breeding. It was the first criterion in the initial domestication of plants thousands of years ago. Adaptedness is generally a quantitative complex feature of the plant, involving many traits, many of which are quantitative. Adaptation to stresses like cold, drought or diseases are among the most central problems in a world grappling with global food security. Modern plant breeding, based on mendelian genetics, has made plant improvement more effective and more precise and selective. Molecular genetics and genetic engineering has considerably increased this selectivity down to single genes affecting single traits. The time has come when plant breeding efficiency may cause loss of genetic resources and adaptation. In these proceedings an effort is made to merge modern plant breeding efficiency with ecological aspects of plant breeding, reflected in adaptation. It is hoped that this merger results in more sustainable use ofgenetic resources and physical environments.
The book is based on 10 keynotes addressing a wide spectrum of themes related to adaptation. In addition each subject is further elaborated in up to three case studies on particular plant species or groups of plants. The keynotes do in fact overlap to some degree and there are articles in this volume that seemingly contradict each other, a common aspect in advanced fields of research. The keen reader may conclude that, in a world where climates and environments are under continuous change and where human society is more and more polarized into a developed and a developing part, adaptation of our cultivated plants has different constraints on yields depending on ecology, and indeed economy.
Contents
* Genetic basis of the evolution of adaptedness in plants.- * Evolution and adaptedness in a facultatively apomictic grass, Poa pratensis L..- * Unfecund, gigantic mutant of oats (Avena sativa) shows fecundity overdominance and difference in DNA methylation properties.- * Plant genetic adaptedness to climatic and edaphic environment.- * Climatic adaptation in subterranean clover populations.- * Selection for low temperature tolerance in potato through anther culture.- * Climatic adaptation of trees: rediscovering provenance tests.- * Genetic and physiological mechanisms of plant adaptation.- * Characterization of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) following in vitro selection for salt tolerance.- * Photoperiod insensitivity gene essential to the varieties grown in the northern limit region of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation.- * Adaptive properties of Picea abies progenies are influenced by environmental signals during sexual reproduction.- * The role of selection on the genetic structure of pathogen populations: Evidence from field experiments with Mycosphaerella graminicola on wheat.- * Diversity among Finnish net blotch isolates and resistance in barley.- * Interaction of insect digestive enzymes with plant protein inhibitors and host-parasite coevolution.- * Adaptation of wheat rusts to the wheat cultivars in former Czechoslovakia.- * Intergenotypic interactions in plant mixtures.- * Co-adaptation between neighbours? A case study with Lolium perenne genotypes.- * Breeding for yield, in mixtures of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.).- * Breeding components for mixture performance.- * Pines beyond the polar circle: Adaptation to stress conditions.- * CIMMYT's approach to breed for drought tolerance.- * Aluminium uptake by roots of rye seedlings of differing tolerance to aluminium toxicity.- * Structural adaptation of the leaf chlorenchyma to stress condition in the Kola peninsula plants.- * Breeding widely adapted, popular maize hybrids.- * CIMMYT's approach to breeding for wide adaptation.- * Breeding for wide adaptation in faba bean.- * Yield stability and adaptation of Nordic barleys.- * Adaptation to low/high input cultivation.- * Molecular adaptation of barley to cold and drought conditions.- * Genetic variation for nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).- * Selection for adaptation in multipurpose trees and shrubs for production and function in agroforestry systems.- * Breeding plans in case of global warming.- * Six cycles of selection for adaptation in two exotic populations of maize.- * Overwintering of winter cereals in Hungary in the case of global warming.- * Genetic resources in breeding for adaptation.- * Utilization of exotic germplasm in Nordic barley breeding and its consequences for adaptation.- * Exotic barley germplasms in breeding for resistance to soil-borne viruses.- * Phenological adaptation to cropping environment. From evaluation descriptors of times to flowering to the genetic characterisation of flowering responses to photoperiod and temperature.
