Full Description
This is the revised, updated and enlarged second edition of the first detailed descriptive grammar in English (indeed, in any language other than Japanese and more complete than even any grammar in Japanese) dedicated to the Western Old Japanese, which was spoken in the Kansai region of Japan during the seventh and eighth centuries. The grammar is divided into two volumes, with the first volume dealing with sources, script, phonology, lexicon, nominals and adjectives. The second volume focuses on verbs, adverbs, particles, conjunctions and interjections. In addition to descriptive data, the grammar also includes comparisons between Western Old Japanese and Eastern Old Japanese and Ryukyuan, occasionally with a critical analysis of various external parallels.
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Charts
Chapter 1: Sources and Previous Scholarship
1 Sources
2 Previous Scholarship
Chapter 2: Script and Phonology
1 Script
1.1 Syllabic Script
1.2 Rebus Writing
2 Phonetics and Phonology
2.1 Consonants
2.2 Vowels
2.3 Pitch Accent
2.4 Phonotactics
2.5 Morphophonological Processes
Chapter 3: Lexicon
1 Naturalized Loanwords from Ainu
2 Naturalized Loanwords from Korean
3 Naturalized Loanwords from Old and Middle Chinese
4 Loanwords from Chinese in Poetry
5 Loanwords from Chinese in Prose
Chapter 4: Nominals
1 Nouns
1.1 Prefixes
1.2 Suffixes
2 Pronouns
2.1 Morphological Peculiarities of Pronouns
2.2 Personal Pronouns
2.3 Reflexive Pronoun onǝ/onǝre
2.4 Demonstrative Pronouns
2.5 Interrogative Pronouns
2.6 Collective Pronouns
3 Numerals
3.1 Cardinal Numerals
3.2 Ordinal Numerals
3.3 Classifiers
3.4 Months of the Year
Chapter 5: Adjectives
1 Uninflected Adjectives
1.1 Special Derived Form in -ra
1.2 -ka Adjectives
2 Inflected Adjectives
2.1 Converb Form -ku
2.2 Final Form -si
2.3 Attributive Form -ki
2.4 Nominalized Form -sa
2.5 Gerund -mi
2.6 Deverbal Adjectives in -asi
3 Defective Adjectives
3.1 Defective Adjective ka-
3.2 Defective Adjective sa
Chapter 6: Verbs
1 Verbal Grammatical Categories
1.1 Mode
1.2 Aspect
1.3 Tense
1.4 Mood
1.5 Voice
1.6 Retrospective
1.7 Reported Action
1.8 Iterative
1.9 Predication
1.10 Honorification
1.11 Politeness
2 Verbal Classes
2.1 Consonant Verbs
2.2 Vowel Verbs
2.3 Irregular Verbs
2.4 Defective Verbs
3 Verbal Affixes
3.1 Verbal Prefixes
3.2 Verbal Suffixes
4 Auxiliaries
4.1 Bound Auxiliaries
4.2 Lexical Auxiliaries
Chapter 7: Adverbs
1 Adverb ita ‾ itǝ 'Very, Extremely'
2 Adverb sǝkǝmba 'Very'
3 Adverbs paⁿda ‾ panapaⁿda 'Considerably'
4 Adverbs kǝkǝmba ‾ kǝkǝmbaku, kǝkǝⁿda ‾ kǝkǝⁿdaku 'So Much, Extremely'
5 Adverb sapa 'Many'
6 Adverb taⁿda 'Only'
7 Adverb mata 'Again'
8 Adverb iya 'More [and More], Plentifully, Perfectly'
9 Adverb iyǝyǝ 'More and More'
10 Adverb masu-masu 'More and More'
11 Adverb yumɛ 'At All'
12 Adverb imaⁿda 'Yet, Still'
13 Adverb mǝtǝna 'In Vain, Aimlessly, For No Reason'
14 Adverb simba ‾ simba-simba 'Often'
15 Adverb potǝpotǝ 'Almost'
16 Adverb napo 'Still, More'
17 Adverb sika 'Thus, In This Way, So'
18 Adverb kɛⁿdasi ‾ kɛⁿdasiku 'Probably'
Chapter 8: Conjunctions
1 Conjunction tǝmǝ 'Even If, Even Though'
2 Conjunction mǝnǝ ‾ mǝnǝwo 'Although, But'
3 Conjunction mǝnǝkara 'Although'
4 Conjunction mǝnǝyuwe 'Although, Because'
5 Conjunction napɛ 'At the Same Time As, Just As'
6 Conjunction ŋgane 'So That, in Order to/That'
7 Conjunction ŋgani 'Like, As If, So That'
8 Conjunction karani 'Just Because, As Soon As'
9 Conjunction toni 'While, Before'
Chapter 9: Particles
1 Focus Particles
1.1 Topic Particle pa
1.2 Focus Particle mǝ
1.3 Focus Particle sǝ ‾ ⁿzǝ
1.4 Focus Particle namo
1.5 Focus Particle kǝsǝ
2 Interrogative Particles
2.1 Interrogative Particle ya
2.2 Interrogative Particle ka
3 Desiderative Particle mǝŋga ‾ mǝŋgamǝ
4 Empathic Particles
4.1 Empathic Particle kamǝ
4.2 Empathic Particle si
4.3 Empathic Particle mǝ
4.4 Empathic Particle ya
4.5 Empathic Particle yǝ
4.6 Empathic Particle na
4.7 Empathic Particle wo
5 Restrictive Particles
5.1 Restrictive Particle nǝmï
5.2 Restrictive Particle ⁿdani
5.3 Restrictive Particle sura ‾ sora
5.4 Restrictive Particle sapɛ
5.5 Restrictive Particle mbakari
Chapter 10: Postpositions
1 Postposition ⁿzi ‾ ⁿzimənə 'Like'
2 Postposition sambï 'Like'
3 Postposition məkərə 'Like'
4 Postposition pa 'Every'
Chapter 11: Interjections
1 Interjection iⁿza
2 Interjection ina
3 Interjection wo
4 Interjection ani
5 Interjection ana
6 Interjection wasi
7 Interjection apare
8 Interjection apare
Bibliography
Index of Personal Names
Index of Terms
Index of the Examples from Texts
Index of Forms and Constructions
