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Full Description
This book charts the lives of (suspected) thieves, illegitimate mothers and vagrants in early modern Frankfurt. The book highlights the gender differences in recorded criminality and the way that they were shaped by the local context. Women played a prominent role in recorded crime in this period, and could even make up half of all defendants in specific European cities. At the same time, there were also large regional differences. Women's crime patterns in Frankfurt were both similar and different to those of other cities. Informal control within the household played a significant role and influenced the prosecution patterns of authorities. This impacted men and women differently, and created clear distinctions within the system between settled locals and unsettled migrants.
Contents
Acknowledgements
List of Illustrations
1 Introduction
1 Forgotten Women: Putting Gender in Histories of Crime
2 Crime and Social Control
3 Crime and the City
4 History of Crime in Early Modern Frankfurt
5 Composition of the Book
6 Setting the Scene: Frankfurt am Main as a Case Study for Female Crime
7 Sources
2 A Multi-Layered Legal System: Criminal Justice in Early Modern Frankfurt
1 The Administration of Justice in a Multifaceted Legal Landscape
2 Investigation of Criminal Offences: about the Formation of the Verhöramt
3 Prosecuted Crimes and Boundaries of Jurisdiction
4 Criminal Procedures
5 Policing and Social Control
6 Conclusion
3 Gender and Recorded Crime: Long-Term Patterns and Developments
1 Women in Recorded Crime
2 Urbanisation and Female Offending
3 Gendered Patterns of Crime
4 Fluctuations over Time
5 Women Facing Crisis
6 Conclusion
4 Transcending Dichotomies: Gender, Property Offending and the 'Open House'
1 Female Property Offending and the Public/Private Dichotomy
2 Gendered Patterns of Property Crimes
3 Social Profile of Property Offenders
4 Locations of Theft: Transcending the Private and the Public
4.1 Theft from Dwelling Houses
4.2 Other Locations
5 Between Necessity and Fashion
6 Distributing of Stolen Goods
7 Domestic Theft
8 Criminal Prosecution and Household Control
9 Conclusion
5 Between Control and Agency? The Prosecution of Sexual Offences
1 Disciplining or Assisting? Women and the Regulation of Morals
2 Legal Developments
3 Prosecuting Sexual Offences
4 Sin versus Crime or Institutional Differentiation?
5 Changes in Time: from Adultery to Illegitimacy
6 Unwed Mothers before the Court
7 Between Plaintiff and Defendant: Women and the Prosecution of Illegitimacy
8 Infanticide, Abortion and Child Abandonment
9 Conclusion
6 Transgressing Social Order: Mobile Men and Women
1 Migration and the Importance of Settledness in Frankfurt
2 Vagrancy Laws and the Labelling of Unwanted Mobility
3 Controlling Male and Female Mobility: Diverging Approaches
4 Mobility as a Crime before the Verhöramt
5 Precarious Independence
6 The Malefizbuch, an Example of Gendered Framing of Unwanted Mobility
7 Penal Exclusion and the Importance of Banishment in Early Modern Criminal Justice
8 The Practice of Returning— a Reflection of Female Settledness?
9 Conclusion
7 Conclusions
1 The Case of Frankfurt and the European Pattern of Female Crime
2 Impact of Authoritative Social Control Structures
3 Agency of Women
4 Future Perspectives
Appendix
Sources
Bibliography
Index
