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Full Description
Negotiating Violence examines the ways in which ordinary people used a transnational papal court of law for disputing their private local hostilities and for negotiating their social status and identities. Following the career and routine crossovers of runaway friars, the book offers vivid insights into the late medieval culture of violence, honour, emotions, learning and lay-clerical interactions. The story plays itself out in the large composite state of the Kingdom of Hungary and Croatia, which collapses under the Ottomans' sword in front of the readers' eyes. The bottom-up approach of the Christian-Muslim military conflict renders visible the rationalities of those commoners who voluntarily crossed the religious boundary, while the multi-tiered story convincingly drives home the argument that the motor of social and religious change was lay society rather than the clergy in this turbulent age.
Contents
Acknowledgements
List of Maps and Illustrations
1 Introduction
Research Agenda
The Uses of Papal Pardon
2 Negotiating Apostasy
Apostates and Evangelicals
Cloisters and Learning
The Ambitious Common Man
Storytelling Strategies
Gaps in the Narrative
Conclusion
3 The Gates of Upward Social Mobility
The Social Origin of the Friars
Choosing the Cloister
Learning in the Cloister Schools
Learning in the Parish Schools
The Protean Literacy of the Lesser Clergy
Conclusion
4 From Savage to Civilized: Village Schools and Student Life
The Interactions of Students and Locals
The Dense Network of Parish Schools in the Countryside
The Presence of Literate and "Civilized" Men in Rural Communities
Conclusion
5 Life Outside the Walls: Clergymen on the Road
The Parish Church and Cloister in the Community
Masses of Unbeneficed Clergy
The Unbeneficed as Criminals
Parish Incumbents and the Unbeneficed
Ordained in Rome
Conclusion
6 The Heyday of Popular Culture: The Shared Time and Space of Laity and Clergy
Defending Male Honor
Shared Spaces of Leisure
Carnival Every Day
Shared Practices
Leisure and Crime in the Dark
Festivities and Violence
Shared Concepts of Magic
Conclusion
7 Contested Coexistence: Lay-Clerical Disputes and Their Settlement
Enmities and the Language of Emotions
Clergymen as the Mediators of the Sacred
Clergymen as Members of Local Communities
Honor and Hatred: The Script of Lay-Clerical Conflicts
The Communal Definition of Criminals
Conclusion
8 Tales of a Peasant Revolt
Two Competing Myths of Just War
Representations of Violence: Private and Public Perspectives
György Dózsa, the Martyr
b>9 Shifting Identities in the Christian-Muslim Contact Zone
"Apostate" Spouses
Christian "Bigamists"
Latin and Orthodox Christian Intermarriages
Conclusion
b>10 Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
