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基本説明
Special Topic Issue: 'Intervirology 2012, Vol. 55, No. 2'.
Full Description
Despite recent advances in antiretroviral therapy treating HIV drug resistance remains a challenge. With the growing number of anti-HIV drugs and the enormous variant space accessible by viral evolution, manual selection of effective anti-HIV therapies has become complex. This publication represents a recent update on the determination of antiretroviral drug resistance determination, its computer program-assisted interpretation and beneficial effect on the treatment of HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected patients. Starting with the description of the human immunodeficiency viruses and their mutation frequency it goes on to discuss methods of resistance determination and bioinformatic-guided algorithm of interpretation, the fate of patients in large cohorts benefitting from improved therapeutic interventions and limitations in individual patients and HIV-2 infection. Furthermore Pyro 454 sequencing and interpretation of single amino acids in the context of all involved mutations in antiretroviral drug resistance are described and R5 and X4 differentiation by nucleic acid sequencing and susceptibility of HIV to a maraviroc treatment regimen are specified. This special issue of Intervirology will be of benefit to medical doctors involved in the treatment of HIV-infected patients as well as to pharmacologists, bioinformaticians and laboratory personnel working in the field of drug resistance analysis, drug design and antivirals. Furthermore it is a valuable resource for researchers involved in the confection of new drugs and interactions of old drugs as well as in assays of antiviral drug resistance.
Contents
Introduction; HIV and Drug Resistance - Interpretation and Therapeutic Progress: Guertler, L.; Basic Principles of HIV; HIV Types, Groups, Subtypes and Recombinant Forms: Errors in Replication, Selection Pressure and Quasispecies: Eberle, J.; Guertler, L.; Targets for Inhibition of HIV Replication: Entry, Enzyme Action, Release and Maturation: Sierra-Aragon, S.; Walter, H.; Methods for HIV Resistance Determination and Interpretation; The HIVdb System for HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance Interpretation: Tang, M.W.; Liu, T.F.; Shafer, R.W.; HIV-GRADE: A Publicly Available, Rules-Based Drug Resistance Interpretation Algorithm Integrating Bioinformatic Knowledge: Obermeier, M.; Pironti, A.; Berg, T.; Braun, P.; Daumer, M.; Eberle, J.; Ehret, R.; Kaiser, R.; Kleinkauf, N.; Korn, K.; Kuecherer, C.; Mueller, H.; Noah, C.; Stuermer, M.; Thielen, A.; Wolf, E.; Walter, H.; Bioinformatical Assistance of Selecting Anti-HIV Therapies: Where Do We Stand?: Lengauer, T.; Geno2pheno[454]: A Web Server for the Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor: Usage from Next-Generation Sequencing Data: Thielen, A.; Lengauer, T.; The XTrack System: Application and Advantage: Klimkait, T.; Predicting Response to Antiretroviral Treatment by Machine Learning: The EuResist Project: Zazzi, M.; Incardona, F.; Rosen-Zvi, M.; Prosperi, M.; Lengauer, T.; Altmann, A.; Sonnerborg, A.; Lavee, T.; Schuelter, E.; Kaiser, R.; The Evolution of Drug Resistance Interpretation Algorithms: ANRS, REGA and Extension of Resistance Analysis to HIV-1 Group O and HIV-2: Eberle, J.; Guertler, L.; Description of Two Commercially Available Assays for Genotyping of HIV-1: Stuermer, M.; Reinheimer, C.; Development and Performance of Conventional HIV-1 Phenotyping (Antivirogram[registered]) and Geno-type-Based Calculated Phenotyping Assay (virco[registered]TYPE HIV-1) on Protease and Reverse Transcriptase Genes to Evaluate Drug Resistance: Pattery, T.; Verlinden, Y.; De Wolf, H.; Nauwelaers, D.; Van Baelen, K.; Van Houtte, M.; Mc Kenna, P.; Villacian, J.; HIV Drug Resistance Determination and Treatment of Patients; Risk Factors Associated with Older Age in Treatment-Naive HIV-Positive Patients: Reuter, S.; Oette, M.; Kaiser, R.; Lengauer, T.; Fatkenheuer, G.; Rockstroh, J.K.; Knechten, H.; Haussinger, D.; Epidemiology of Transmitted Drug Resistance in Chronically HIV-Infected Patients in Germany: The RESINA Study 2001-2009: Oette, M.; Reuter, S.; Kaiser, R.; Lengauer, T.; Fatkenheuer, G.; Knechten, H.; Hower, M.; Pfister, H.; Haussinger, D.; RESINA Study group; Efficacy of Antiretroviral Therapy Switch in HIV-Infected Patients: A 10-Year Analysis of the EuResist Cohort: Oette, M.; Schuelter, E.; Rosen-Zvi, M.; Peres, Y.; Zazzi, M.; Sonnerborg, A.; Struck, D.; Altmann, A.; Kaiser, R.; the EuResist Network Study Group; How Individual Can Personalized Antiretroviral Treatment Be? Deep Salvage in an HIV-1-Infected Patient: Jensen, B.; Esser, S.; Kaiser, R.; Luebke, N.; Haussinger, D.; Responses to Switching to Maraviroc-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Treated Patients with Suppressed Plasma HIV-1-RNA Load: Vitiello, P.; Brudney, D.; MacCartney, M.; Garcia, A.; Smith, C.; Marshall, N.; Johnson, M.; Geretti, A.M.; Special Aspects of the Treatment of HIV-2-Infected Patients: Camacho, R.J.; Author Index/Subject Index.
