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Full Description
This book has been written for the practicing chemist whose occasional task may be qualitative analysis. It deals with the investigation of things as they are without any limitations to the scope. It emphasizes the identification of materials - inorganic, organic, organized (biological), common, rare, described or not described in the accessible literatur- as they actually occur in nature and industry, or are met in the investigation of mishaps and crime. The description of techniques - macro to submicro - and the practice exercises have been included since the teaching of these arts is rarely a part of academic curricula and it happens with increasing frequency that chemists have to acquire them "on the job". In the systematic procedure given, emphasis is placed upon the investiga tion of minute specimens and upon acute reasoning that continuously weighs all accumulating evi9.ence. The work begins with the consideration of the history of the material under investigation. Especially when specks of all organic substance shall be identified, it should be realized that the discovery of the source - and consequently of the possibilities involve- may be the most valuable clue to an efficient solution of the problem.
Contents
The Task of Qualitative Analysis.- Principles and Definitions.- Specificity and Sensitivity.- The Method of Qualitative Analysis.- The Minimum Size of the Sample for Chemical Analysis.- Properties Affected by the Size of the System.- Apparatus, Technique, and Scale of Work.- Observation of Properties.- Selection of Procedure.- I: Technique of Observation and Manipulation.- Use of Optical Aids.- Technique of Experimentation and Observation.- II: Systematic Analysis: Choice of Materials and Cleaning.- Sampling for Analysis.- Systematic Procedure of Analysis.- Test Solutions.- Preparation of Unknowns.- Reagents.- Table 1. Color of Some Inorganic Substances.- Table 2. Substances Crystallizing in the Cubic System.- Elements.- Inorganic Compounds.- Organic Compounds.- Table 3. Substances Crystallizing in the Hexagonal System.- Elements.- Inorganic Compounds.- Organic Compounds.- Table 4. List of Common Inorganic Compounds in the Order of Their Melting Points.- Table 5. Inorganic Substances that Sublime, Arranged According to Color.- Table 6. Inorganic Solids which Burst into Flame when Heated in Air, Ignition Temperatures in Centigrades.- Table 7. List of Solids which Explode on Heating.- Inorganic Compounds.- Organic Compounds.- Table 8. Inorganic Solids Moderately Soluble in Water at Room Temperature.- Literature.- General Reference Books.- Theory of Chemical Analysis.- Reagents.- Standard Tests and Procedures of Qualitative Analysis.- Chromatography and Ion Exchange.- Instrumental Methods.- Chemical Microscopy.- Slide Tests and Spot Tests.- Micro Analysis and Microtechnique.- Miscellaneous Applications of Microtechnique.- Mineralogy.- Journals.- Reports.- Theses.- Unpublished Experiments.- Private Communications.- Meetings.- Addresses.
