Description
(Text)
By allowing noninvasive assessment of circulation, development of Doppler sonography has revolutionized medical diagnostics. The fea sibility of the medical application of Doppler sonography was demon strated more than three decades ago, and the first report of Doppler velocimetry of the fetal circulation was published two decades ago. Over the years, impressive technological innovation and advances in clinical research have promoted the use of this method in medical practice. There also has been phenomenal expansion in research on the obstetrical and gynecological applications of Doppler sonography. In obstetrics, Doppler sonography has allowed unprecedented insight into the pathophysiology of human fetal response to in utero stress. This ushered in the possibility of using the method for antepartum fetal surveillance, so that timely recognition of fetal compromise and appropriate intervention could improve perinatal outcome. Numer ous clinical studies mostly have confirmed, butoccasionally have re futed, the diagnostic efficacy of Doppler velocimetry in various preg nancy disorders. More significantly, the benefits of umbilical arterial Doppler investigation in reducing perinatal mortality in high-risk pregnancies have been affirmed by randomized clinical trials. In addi tion, the introduction of fetal Doppler echocardiography has not only tremendously increased our understanding of human fetal central circulation in health and disease, but also has enhanced our ability to diagnose congenital heart disease in utero. In addition, significant strides have been made in the gynecological applications of Doppler sonography, including general gynecology, infertility, and oncology.
(Table of content)
1. Doppler Sonography: A Brief History.- 2. Physical Principles of Doppler Ultrasonography.- 3. Spectral Doppler: Basic Principles and Instrumentation.- 4. Spectral Doppler Sonography: Waveform Analysis and Hemodynamic Interpretation.- 5. Sonographic Color Flow Mapping: Basic Principles.- 6. Biosafety of Diagnostic Doppler Ultrasonography.- 7. Fetal and Maternal Cardiovascular Physiology.- 8. Umbilical Doppler Velocimetry: Normative Data and Diagnostic Efficacy.- 9. Fetal Descending Aorta.- 10. Doppler Ultrasonographic Investigation of Fetal Cerebral Circulation.- 11. Pulsed Doppler Ultrasonography of the Human Fetal Renal Artery.- 12. Doppler Velocimetry of the Uteroplacental Circulation.- 13. Doppler Velocimetry of the Uteroplacental Circulation During Early Pregnancy.- 14. Role of Doppler Velocimetry in the Diagnosis and Management of the SGA Fetus.- 15. Doppler Velocimetry and Hypertension.- 16. Doppler Velocimetry and Multiple Gestation.- 17. Value of Doppler Ultrasonographyfor Pregnancies Complicated by Diabetes.- 18. Doppler Velocimetry for Isoimmunized Pregnancies.- 19. Doppler Velocimetry for Postdated Pregnancies.- 20. Doppler Velocimetry for Fetal Surveillance: Adverse Perinatal Outcome and Fetal Hypoxia.- 21. Absent End-Diastolic Velocity in the Umbilical Artery and Its Clinical Significance.- 22. Doppler Velocimetry for Fetal Surveillance: Randomized Clinical Trials and Implications for Practice.- 23. Doppler Investigation of the Fetal Inferior Vena Cava.- 24. Doppler Velocimetry of the Ductus Venosus.- 25. Introduction to Fetal Doppler Echocardiography.- 26. Doppler Echocardiography for Managing Congenital Cardiac Disease.- 27. Doppler Echocardiography Assessment of Fetal Cardiac Failure.- 28. Doppler Echocardiographic Studies of Deteriorating Growth-Retarded Fetuses.- 29. Evaluation of Pulmonary and Ductal Vasculature: Fetal Echocardiography for Evaluation of Therapy for Preterm Labor.- 30. Gynecologic Application of Color Doppler Velocimetry.- 31. Doppler Ultrasonography for Gynecologic Malignancies.- 32. Doppler Ultrasonography for Benign Gynecologic Disorders.- 33. Ultrasonography for Ectopic Pregnancy.- 34. Doppler Ultrasonography for Infertility.
