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Full Description
The purpose of this book is to present analysis and design principles, procedures and techniques of analog integrated circuits which are to be implemented in MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) technology. MOS technology is becoming dominant in the realization of digital systems, and its use for analog circuits opens new pos sibilities for the design of complex mixed analog/digital VLSI (very large scale in tegration) chips. Although we are focusing attention in this book principally on circuits and systems which can be implemented in CMOS technology, many con siderations and structures are of a general nature and can be adapted to other promising and emerging technologies, namely GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) and BI MOS (bipolar MOS, i. e. circuits which combine both bipolar and CMOS devices) technology. Moreover, some of the structures and circuits described in this book can also be useful without integration. In this book we describe two large classes of analog integrated circuits: • switched capacitor (SC) networks, • continuous-time CMOS (unswitched) circuits. SC networks are sampled-data systems in which electric charges are transferred from one point to another at regular discrete intervals of time and thus the signal samples are stored and processed. Other circuits belonging to this class of sampled-data systems are charge transfer devices (CTD) and charge coupled dev ices (CCD). In contrast to SC circuits, continuous-time CMOS circuits operate continuously in time. They can be considered as subcircuits or building blocks (e. g.
Contents
1. Fundamentals of Sampled-Data Systems.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Sampled-Data Signals and Systems and Their Representations.- 1.3. Review of Laplace Transforms.- 1.4. Review of the Theory of z-Transforms and Their use in the Analysis of Sampled-Data Systems.- 1.5. Representation of Sampled-Data Systems by Block-Diagrams and Signal-Flow Graphs.- 1.6. Review of Fourier Transforms and Frequency Responses.- 1.7. Reconstruction of Signals.- 1.8. Mapping Between the s-Plane and the z-Plane.- References and Sources for Further Reading.- 2. MOS Devices for Linear Analog Integrated Circuits.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. The MOS Transistor Operation and Modeling.- 2.3. Noise in MOS Transistors.- 2.4. MOS Switches.- 2.5. MOS Capacitors.- 2.6. Basic MOS Analog Subcircuits.- 2.7. CMOS Voltage-to-Current Transducers.- 2.8. MOS Operational Amplifiers: Basic Parameters and Properties.- 2.9. CMOS Operational Amplifier Architecture.- Reference and Sources for Further Reading.- 3. Basic Properties and Systematic Analysis of Switched-Capacitor Networks.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Brief History and Recent Developments in SC Filters.- 3.3. Description and Representation of SC Circuits in the Time Domain.- 3.4. Systematic Analysis of SC Networks in the z-Domain.- 3.5. Analysis of SC Networks in the Frequency Domain.- 3.6. Computer-Aided Analysis (Simulation) of SC Networks.- References and Sources for Futher Reading.- 4. Basic Building Blocks of Linear SC Networks.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Sample- and-Hold Circuits.- 4.3. SC Analog Delay Circuits.- 4.4. SC Voltage-Gain Amplifiers, Summing Amplifiers and Instrumentation Amplifiers.- 4.5. SC Integrators.- 4.6. SC Differentiators.- 4.7. SC First-Order Building Blocks.- 4.8. SC Decimators and Interpolators.- 4.9. Digitally Programmable Capacitors.- References and Sources for Further Reading.- 5. Synthesis and Design of SC Filters.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Review of Types of Filters.- 5.3. Biquadratic Filter Synthesis and Design — Second Order SC Sections.- 5.4. Design Techniques for SC Ladder Filters.- 5.5. Design of Wave-SC Filters.- References and Sources for Further Reading.- 6. Design of Adaptive and Nonlinear Analog CMOS Circuits: Building Block Approach.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. SC integrators and summing amplifiers with controlled gains.- 6.3. Voltage Comparators.- 6.4. Schmitt triggers.- 6.5. MOS Rectifiers.- 6.6. Zero-Crossing Detector and Control Pulse Generator.- 6.7. Balanced Modulators and Synchronous Demodulators.- 6.8. SC Multiplier-Dividers Based on Time-Division Concepts.- 6.9. Design and Some Applications of the SC Generalized Integrator.- 6.10. Time-Function Generation.- 6.11. SC Phase-Locked Loop (PLL).- 6.12. Design of SC Function Generators.- 6.13. Voltage Controlled MOSFET Resistors and Transconductors and Some of Their Applications.- 6.14. CMOS Realization of Continuous-Time Multiplier-Dividers, Convolvers and Correlators.- 6.15. Generation of Continuous-Time MOSFET- C Filters.- References and Sources for Further Reading.- 7. CMOS Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Conversion Systems.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Digital Codes in A/D and D/A Converters.- 7.3. Characterization of A/D and D/A Converters — Basic Parameters and Properties.- 7.4. Components of A/D and D/A Conversion Systems.- 7.5. D/A Converter Circuits.- 7.6. A/D Converters — An Overview.- 7.7. High Speed (Video) A/D Converters.- 7.8. Medium-Speed A/D Converters.- 7.9. High Performance, Medium- and Low-Speed A/D Converters.- References and Sources for Further Reading.
