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Full Description
M.J. Schwuger The Environmental Specimen Bank is a repository of representative environ mental specimens for safe long-term storage over decades and centuries without any chemical change in the constituents. It represents the modern form of a systematically designed collection which will permit comparative analyses and evaluations of chemicals in the future. The aims are: - the determination of selected chemical compounds at the time of storage, - comparative investigations with new methods for chemicals which, at the time of storage, could not be determined or were not recognized as important, - observation of trends in the environment using authentic material from the past and - documentation of long-term changes. Environmental specimen banking is thus suitable for identifying environmental changes and initiating necessary measures of remediation. It may be used to identify problems, study correlations between cause and effect and determine the effectiveness of legislative measures as well as to recommend the activities required. This is not only ecologically important, but also relevant for man, since he is the last member in the food chain and is therefore affected by all compartments of the environment. For this reason, two banking systems were established in Germany, one for environmental specimens (Jiilich), and the other for human specimens (Miinster).
Contents
1. Introduction.- 1.1 Preface.- 1.2 Editorial Foreword.- 1.3 Markus Stoeppler — Impressions of his Life with Science.- 2. Specimen Banking.- 2.1 Specimen of Human Origin for Biomonitoring.- 3. Specimen Banking in Industrialized Countries.- 3.1 Progress of Six Years Experience with Environmental Specimen Banking in the Federal Republic of Germany.- 3.2 Specimen Banking at the National Institut of Standards and Technology.- 3.3 Specimen Bank Activities at NIES.- 4. Practical Specimen Banking.- 4.1 Selection and Preparation of Relevant Reference Materials for Agricultural Purposes.- 4.2 The Common Mussel (Mytilus edulis) as Marine Bioindicator for the Environmental Specimen Bank of the Federal Republic of Germany.- 4.3 The Role of Reference Lead and Cadmium Reference Samples in an Epidemiological Case Study of Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brazil.- 5. Organic Analytical Approaches.- 5.1 Air Filter Samples — Necessary for Environmental Specimen Banking?.- 5.2 A Simple Cleanup Procedure for the Quantitative Determination of PAHs and Nitro-PAHs in Particulate Matter.- 5.3 Analysis of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons (CHC) in Environmental Samples.- 6. Inorganic Analytical Approaches.- 6.1 Nuclear Analytical Methods in Environmental Specimen Banking.- 6.2 Advanced Electrochemical Techniques for the Determination of Heavy Metals in Specimen Bank Materials.- 6.3 Determination of Trace Elements in Human Organs Using ICP-AES.- 6.4 Future Prospects of Graphite-Furnace AAS.- 6.5 Occurrence and Behavior of Mercury and Methylmercury in the Aquatic and Terrestrial Environment.- 7. Future Developments.- 7.1 Standard Reference Materials for the Identification and Determination of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds of Trace Elements.- 7.2 Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis with Cold Neutrons for theCharacterization of Specimen Bank Materials.
