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Full Description
Metals in the hydrological cycle represent a very broad subject covering all parts of the geological cycle. The present version of this book, therefore, would not have been possible without the comments and suggestions for improvement on draft ver- sions of the various chapters by a large number of colleagues. We wish to express our gratitude to: P.A. Cawse (AERE, UK), J.N. Galloway (University of Virginia, USA) and S.E. Lindberg (Oak Ridge National Labo- ratory, USA) for reviewing the chapter on atmospheric trace metals. G. Batley (CSIRO, Australia) and B.T. Hart (Chisholm In- stitute of Technology, Australia) for reviewing the chapter on speciation of dissolved metals. E.K. Duursma (Delta Institute, The Netherlands), J.M. Bewers and P.H. Yeats (Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Canada) and D. Eisma (Netherlands Institute for Sea Re- search, the Netherlands) for reviewing the chapter on estuaries. P. Baccini (EAWAG, Switzerland) and W. Davison (Fresh- water Biological Association, UK) for reviewing the chapter on lakes. E.T. Degens (University of Hamburg, W-Germany) for re- viewing the chapter on the oceans, and J.P.
Al (Public Works Department, The Netherlands) for reviewing most of the indi- vidual chapters. Without the collaboration of these colleagues this book would not have been possible in its present form.
Contents
1 Introduction.- 2 Interactions with Ligands, Particulate Matter and Organisms.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Metal Ions in Aquatic Systems.- 2.3 Speciation of Dissolved Metals.- 2.4 Interaction with Ligands.- 2.5 Interaction with Particulate Matter.- 2.6 Solid Speciation.- 2.7 Metal Interaction with Organisms.- 3 Sediments and the Transport of Metals.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Composition of Sediments.- 3.3 Transport of Sediments.- 3.4 Distribution and Deposition.- 3.5 Grain Size Effects.- 3.6 Anthropogenic Influences on Metal Concentrations in Sediments.- 3.7 Early Diagenesis of Trace Metal Compounds in Sediments.- 4 Metals in the Atmosphere.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Natural and Anthropogenic Emissions of Trace Metals.- 4.3 Atmospheric Particles.- 4.4 Deposition of Atmospheric Particles.- 4.5 Metal Concentrations in Urban, Rural and Remote Atmospheres.- 4.6 Environmental Impact of Airborne Trace Metals.- 5 Metals in Continental Waters.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Metals in Rocks and Soils.- 5.3 Metals in Rivers.- 5.4 Metals in Lakes.- 6 Metals in Estuaries and Coastal Environments.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Estuarine Circulation.- 6.3 Conservative and Non-Conservative Behaviour.- 6.4 Behaviour of Particulate Trace Metals During Estuarine Mixing.- 6.5 Iron and Manganese.- 6.6 Trace Metals in Estuaries: Field Investigations.- 6.7 Trace Metals in Estuaries: Laboratory Investigations and Simulations.- 6.8 Environmental Impact Studies.- 6.9 Estuaries as Sinks for Trace Metals?.- 7 Metals in the Ocean.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Vertical and Horizontal Distribution of Trace Metals..- 7.3 Particulates and Metal Behaviour.- 7.4 Composition of Oceanic Sediments.- 7.5 Cycling of Trace Metals Between Continents and Oceans.- 8 Summary and Qutlook.- References.
