Full Description
Throughout the twentieth century, interest in sport has evidenced a major increase worldwide and a new field of sports medicine has emerged. Sport spectators hip has been stimulated in part by the increased ease of international travel and the intro- duction of new means of communication. Interest in professional sports and in such events as the World Cup and the Olympic Garnes has never been higher and the general popularity of sports has drawn increasingly greater numbers of young people to sports participation. Interest in sports participation has been strength- ened both by the provision of numerous sports facilities to populations throughout the world and the accumulating information base that relates regular participation in programs of sport and exercise to health enhancement. Along with in- creases in interest and participation has corne a need for a better understanding of the physiological changes accompanying muscular activity and of the trauma that can result from both competitive sport and recreational exercise.
Contents
Basics.- 1 Principles of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging.- 1.1 What Is Nuclear Magnetic Resonance?.- 1.1.1 Nuclear Magnetism.- 1.1.2 Resonance.- 1.2 Looking at Metabolism Using NMR.- 1.2.1 Chemical Shift.- 1.2.2 How and Where to Use Spectroscopy?.- 1.3 Making an Image with NMR.- 1.3.1 The Nature of NMR Images.- 1.3.2 Contrast.- 1.3.3 Localization.- 1.3.4 Special Imaging Techniques.- MR Imaging in Sport Injuries to the Osteoarticular System.- 2 The Knee Joint.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Multiplanar Anatomy.- 2.3 Sport-Induced Injuries.- 2.3.1 Ligamentous Disruptions.- 2.3.2 Meniscal Lesions.- 2.3.3 Traumatic and Chronic Pathology of the Tendons.- 2.3.4 Disorders of the Cartilage.- 2.3.5 Bone Injuries.- 3 The Joints of the Ankle.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 MR Anatomy.- 3.2.1 Multiplanar Anatomy.- 3.3 Common Ankle and Foot Injuries.- 3.3.1 Ligamentous Disruption.- 3.3.2 Tendon Ruptures.- 3.3.3 Occult Bone and Cartilage Injuries of the Ankle.- 3.3.4 Stress Fractures.- 3.4 Chronic Disorders.- 3.4.1 Tendonitis and Tenosynovitis.- 3.4.2 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome.- 4 Hips and Pelvis.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 MR Anatomy of the Hip.- 4.3 Avascular Necrosis of the Hip.- 4.4 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome of the Hip.- 4.5 Microtraumatic Lesions of the Hip.- 5 The Shoulder Joint.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Imaging of the Injured Shoulder..- 5.3 MR Anatomy.- 5.4 Common Sport-Related Injuries: MR Findings.- 5.4.1 Rotator Cuff Tears.- 5.4.2 Tendinitis.- 5.4.3 Subacromial Bursitis.- 5.4.4 Shoulder Impingment Syndrome.- 5.4.5 Shoulder Instability.- 5.4.6 Bone Lesions.- 6 The Elbow Joint.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 MR Anatomy.- 6.3 Sport-Induced Lesions.- 6.3.1 Soft Tissue Injuries: Extensor and Flexor Tendinitis.- 6.3.2 Osteochondral Fractures.- 6.3.3 Osteochondritis Dissecans.- 7 The Wrist Joint.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Primary Traumatic Lesions.- 7.2.1 Microfractures or Occult Fractures.- 7.2.2 Medullary Bone Contusion.- 7.2.3 Meniscal Tears.- 7.2.4 Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis.- 7.3 Secondary Lesions or Posttraumatic Complications.- 7.3.1 Osteonecrosis.- 7.3.2 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy.- 7.3.3 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Other Nerve Compressions.- 7.4 Conclusion.- References to Chapters 2-7.- 8 The Spine.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Technical Factors.- 8.3 MR Anatomy.- 8.4 Injuries to the Spine.- 8.4.1 Cervical Spine.- 8.4.2 Thoracic Spine.- 8.4.3 Thoracolumbar Junction.- 8.4.4 Lumbar Spine.- 8.5 Future Prospects.- References.- Trends.- 9 MR Perspectives in Sports Cardiology.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Cardiac Imaging Techniques.- 9.3 Quantification of Ventricular Volume and Mass.- 9.4 Conclusion.- References.- 10 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Muscle: The Missing Link Between Physiology and Sports Practice.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Skeletal Muscle.- 10.3 Dynamic 31P MRS of Muscle.- 10.4 Use of 31P MRS in Sports Physiology.- 10.4.1 The Energy Sources: A Reminder.- 10.4.2 Quantification with 31P MRS.- 10.4.3 The Mechanism of Fatigue.- 10.4.4 MRS in Muscle Injury.- 10.4.5 Muscle Fibers and MRS.- References.
