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Description
This book serves as a definitive resource, encompassing the entire lifecycle of hydrogels?from their chemistry and synthesis to diverse applications and future potential. Each chapter delves deeply into key aspects of hydrogel research and technology, exploring the evolution and modern significance of functional hydrogels, foundational materials, methods of preparation, and innovations such as stimuli-responsive and hybrid hydrogels. The book examines advanced functionalities like self-healing and shape memory, showcasing the versatility of hydrogels in fields such as biomedicine, robotics, environmental solutions, agriculture, and food packaging. It also provides insights into technical evaluation, biocompatibility, regulatory standards, and eco-friendly advancements, while envisioning novel applications and sustainable practices in hydrogel design. Combining comprehensive scientific details with practical applications and forward-looking perspectives, this book is an invaluable reference for academics, researchers, industry professionals, and anyone interested in the transformative power of hydrogels. Functional Hydrogels: Preparation, Functionality, and Applications
Volume 1
Chapter 1: Evolution of Hydrogels ? From Basic to Functional
Chapter 2: Polymerization Methods for Hydrogel Synthesis
Chapter 3: Construction of Hydrogels
Chapter 4: Hydrogel Bioprinting
Chapter 5: Functionalization of Hydrogels
Chapter 6: Hydrogel Characterization
Chapter 7: Self-Healing Hydrogels
Chapter 8: Shape-Memory Hydrogels
Chapter 9: Biocompatibility and Safety of Hydrogels
Chapter 10: Environmental Impact and Degradability of Hydrogels
Volume 2
Chapter 11: Hydrogels for Actuators
Chapter 12: Hydrogels for Drug Delivery
Chapter 13: Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine
Chapter 14: Hydrogels in Wearable Devices
Chapter 15: Hydrogels in Brain?Computer Interface
Chapter 16: Hydrogels for Sustainable Environmental Remediation
Chapter 17: Hydrogels in Food and Packaging Industries
Chapter 18: Hydrogels for Energy Storage Batteries
Chapter 19:Hydrogels in Agriculture
Chapter 20: Hydrogels for Water Sustainability
Fu Guodong is Professor in the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Southeast University, China. His work focuses on smart functional materials, especially hydrogels, for advancements in soft matter actuators and sustainable innovations.
Mulenga Kalulu is a Special Research Fellow of School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Zambia. Currently, he is pursuing a Ph.D. at Southeast University under Prof. Fu Guodong. His research focuses on smart hydrogels, actuators, sensors, conductive nanomaterials, and polymer synthesis.
Contents
Chapter 1: Evolution of Hydrogels - From Basic to Functional
1.1 What are Functional Hydrogels?
1.2 The History of Hydrogels
1.3 The Role of Hydrogels in Modern Science and Industry
1.4 Current Trends and Innovations in Hydrogel Research
Chapter 2: Polymerization Methods for Hydrogel Synthesis
2.1 Overview of Polymerization Techniques
2.3 Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization (CRP)
2.4 Photopolymerization
2.5 Radiation-Induced Polymerization
2.6 Click Chemistry-Based Polymerization
2.7 Enzymatic Polymerization
2.8 Interpenetrating and Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs and SIPNs)
2.9 Comparative Analysis of Polymerization Methods
2.10 Emerging Trends and Future Directions
Chapter 3: Construction of Hydrogels
3.1 Basic Principles of Hydrogel Formation
3.2 Building Blocks of Hydrogels
3.3 Formation of Hydrogel Molecular Structure
3.4 Hydrogel Network Architecture
3.5 Steps in Hydrogel Construction (General Workflow)
3.6 Tailoring Hydrogel Properties During Construction
3.7 From Basics to Complex Hydrogel Designs
3.8 Challenges in Hydrogel Construction
Chapter 4: Hydrogel Bioprinting
4.1 Fundamental Principles of Hydrogel Bioprinting
4.2 Hydrogel Varieties for Bioprinting Applications
4.3 Techniques for Hydrogel for Bioprinting
4.4 Gelation Strategies
4.5 Design Parameters for Bioprintable Hydrogels
4.6 Multifield Potential of Bioprinted Hydrogels
4.7 Challenges and Future Prospects
Chapter 5: Functionalization of Hydrogels
5.1 Functionalization During Synthesis
5.2 Post-Synthesis Functionalization
5.3 Environmentally Triggered Functional Modifications
5.4 Drug and Bioactive Molecule Integration
5.5 Nanomaterial Integration
5.6 Challenges and Future Prospects
Chapter 6: Hydrogel Characterization
6.1 Chemical Characterization
6.2 Physical and Morphological Characterization
6.3 Mechanical Characterization
6.4 Thermal Characterization
6.5 Biological Characterization
6.6 Diffusivity and Permeability
6.7 Optical and Electrical Properties
6.8 Advanced and Emerging Techniques
6.9 Future Perspectives and Emerging Trends
Chapter 7: Self-Healing Hydrogels
7.1 Self-Healing Mechanisms
7.2 Molecular Basis of Self-Healing
7.3 Material Properties Influencing Self-Healing
7.4 Significance of Self-Healing Hydrogels
7.5 Challenges in Development
7.6 Future Directions
Chapter 8: Shape-Memory Hydrogels
8.1 Design Principles of Shape-Memory Hydrogels
8.2 Fabrication Strategies
8.3 Modification Strategies for Enhancing Shape-Memory Performance
8.4 Breakthroughs Across Diverse Fields
8.5 Challenges and Future Directions
8.6 Summary
Chapter 9: Biocompatibility and Safety of Hydrogels
9.1 Definitions and Regulatory Perspectives
9.2 Hydrogel Composition and Impact on Safety
9.3 Biocompatibility Evaluation Methods
9.4 Immunological Considerations
9.5 Hemocompatibility and Thrombogenicity
9.6 Long-Term Safety and Degradation Kinetics
9.7 Case Studies on Hydrogel Biocompatibility and Safety
9.8 Future Directions of Hydrogel Biocompatibility and Safety
Chapter 10: Environmental Impact and Degradability of Hydrogels
10.1 Sustainability of Hydrogels by Source
10.2 Environmental Impact Across the Hydrogel Lifecycle
10.3 Degradation Mechanisms of Hydrogels
10.4 Assessing Biodegradability and Environmental Safety
10.5 Design Strategies for Environmentally Friendly Hydrogels
10.6 Case Studies
10.7 Regulatory and Policy Considerations
10.8 Future Outlook
Chapter 11: Hydrogels for Actuators
11.1 Design Principles of Hydrogel Actuators
11.2 Driving Force for Hydrogel Actuation
11.3 Mechanisms and Physical Principles for Actuation
11.4 Design Strategies for Actuators
11.5 Applications of Actuators
11.6 Challenges and Future Directions
Chapter 12: Hydrogels for Drug Delivery
12.1 Hydrogel Properties for Drug Delivery
12.2 Mechanisms of Drug Release from Hydrogels
12.3 Types of Hydrogels in Drug Delivery
12.4 Applications of Hydrogels in Drug Delivery
12.5 Innovative Hydrogel Systems for Drug Delivery
12.6 Clinical Examples and Commercial Products
12.7 Challenges and Future Directions
Chapter 13: Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine
13.1 Hydrogels as Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
13.2 Applications Across Tissue Types
13.3 Hydrogels as Delivery Vehicles
13.4 Cell Encapsulation and Delivery in Regenerative Medicine
13.5 Immunomodulation and Biocompatibility
13.6 Future Directions for Regenerative Medicine
13.7 Clinical Translation and Regulatory Considerations
13.8 Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
Chapter 14: Hydrogels in Wearable Devices
14.1 Design Requirements for Wearable Devices
14.2 Physiological Sensing Applications
14.3 Chemical and Biochemical Sensing Applications
14.4 Applications of Hydrogels in Wearable Energy Storage and Harvesting
14.5 Applications of Hydrogels in Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Wearables
14.6 Applications of Hydrogels in Soft Actuators and Haptic Feedback Wearables
14.7 Advanced Applications of Wearables Hydrogels
14.8 Challenges and Future Prospects
Chapter 15: Hydrogels in Brain-Computer Interface
15.1 Design Requirements for Neural Interfaces
15.2 Conductivity of hydrogel
15.3 Fabrication Strategies
15.4 Injectable Hydrogels
15.5 Hydrogel-Neural Tissue Interactions
15.6 Hydrogel-Based BCI Architectures
15.7 Hydrogel Innovations for BCIs Applications
15.8 Challenges and Future Prospects
Chapter 16: Hydrogels for Sustainable Environmental Remediation
16.1 Why Hydrogel as Environmental Remediators
16.2 How the Hydrogels Remediate the Environment
16.3 Case studies and Real-World Applications
16.4 Challenges and Future Perspectives
Chapter 17: Hydrogels in Food and Packaging Industries
17.1 Hydrogel Materials for Sustainable Food Formulation and Packaging
17.2 Hydrogels in Food
17.3 Hydrogels for Food Packaging
17.4 Advanced Hydrogel Technologies and Innovations
17.5 Advantages of Hydrogel-Based Applications
17.6 Market Growth and Commercial Applications
17.7 Regulatory Considerations and Safety Assessment
17.8 Challenges and Future Prospects
Chapter 18: Hydrogels for Energy Storage Batteries
18.1 Fundamentals of Hydrogels in Electrochemical Systems
18.2 Roles of Hydrogels in Battery Energy Conservation
18.3 Hydrogel Integration in Different Battery Systems
18.4 Hydrogel Integration in Smart and Emerging Batteries
18.5 Advanced Hydrogel Architectures for Battery Enhancement
18.6 Case Studies and Comparative Metrics
18.7 Challenges and Future Perspectives
Chapter 19: Hydrogels in Agriculture
19.1 Desirable Properties of Agricultural Hydrogels
19.2 Materials for Agricultural Hydrogels
19.3. Specific Agriculture Hydrogels
19.4 Applications
19.5 Challenges and Future Perspectives
Chapter 20: Hydrogels for Water Sustainability
20.1 Hydrogel-Water Dynamics for Sustainability
20.2 Solar-Driven Water Generation via Hydrogels
20.3 Hydrogels for Atmospheric Water Harvesting
20.4 Hydrogels in Contaminant Removal
20.5 Hydrogel Design for Water Sustainability
20.6 Challenges and Future Perspectives
Summary
References
