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Full Description
An accurate and authoritative discussion of the structure, fabrication, and applications of biomimetic materials
In Biomimetic Nanomaterials: Inorganic and Macromolecular Structures, Catalytic Processes, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an up-to-date discussion of select emerging topics in nature-inspired approaches to biomimetic nanomaterials. The authors focus on two core subjects: mimicking biological structures and replicating biological functions.
The book begins with an exploration of bio-inorganic structures and biomineralization processes, including biominerals and bio-inspired architectures like aerogels and chiral nanoparticles. It continues on to discuss biomacromolecule-based materials and synthetic mimics, as well as their structural and functional attributes. Finally, it covers bio-inspired functional materials, including nanozymes and catalytic systems for applications, like artificial photosynthesis, CO2 conversion, and N2 fixation.
Readers will also find:
A thorough introduction to the foundational concepts and the latest developments in biomimetic nanomaterials
Comprehensive explorations of the latest applications of biomimetic nanomaterials, including artificial muscles, protective coatings, and catalytic processes
Practical discussions of the structures of biomimetic inorganic nanomaterials, like biominerals, biomorphs, artificial plastic materials, and chiral nanoparticles
Complete treatments of particularly remarkable uses of biomimetic materials, including water splitting catalysis nanozymes
Perfect for materials scientists, bioinorganic chemists, and biotechnologists, Biomimetic Nanomaterials will also benefit bioengineers, polymer chemists, and biochemists.
Contents
Biography of Book Editors xi
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
Bing Ni
Part 1: Biomimetic Inorganic Nanostructures 4
Part 2: Biomacromolecules and Structural Mimics 4
Part 3: Nanomaterials Mimicking Biocatalytic Processes 5
References 5
2 Biominerals and Biomineralization 7
Jie Wang, Zonghao Yu, Zhaoming Liu
2.1 Typical Biominerals 7
2.2 Unique Structures of Biominerals 12
2.3 A Crystal Growth View on Biomineralization Process 15
2.4 Inspirations from Biomineralization 19
2.4.1 Manufacture of Biomimetic Structures 20
2.4.2 Controllable Arrangement of Ions - A Biomimetic Process 21
2.4.3 Life-Material Hybrids 23
2.5 Conclusion 25
References 25
3 Designing Functional Biomorphs 33
Bing Ni
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 Overview of the Biomorph Formation Mechanism 35
3.3 Influence and Potential Application of the Biomorphs 41
3.4 Conclusion 44
References 44
4 Biomimetic Materials Inspired by Bone and Tooth 47
Yifan Xu, Yuning Wang, Yanhuizhi Feng
4.1 Introduction 47
4.2 Biomimetic Artificial Bone 48
4.2.1 The Structure and Mineralization of Bone 48
4.2.1.1 The Composition and Structure of Bone 48
4.2.1.2 The Synthesis and Self-assembly of Type I Collagen 48
4.2.1.3 The Mineralization of Bone 50
4.2.2 Artificial Bone 52
4.2.2.1 Acellular Scaffolds 53
4.2.2.2 Electrospinning Technology 54
4.2.2.3 3D Bioprinting Technology 54
4.2.2.4 Freeze-drying Technology 54
4.2.3 Future Directions 56
4.3 Biomimetic Artificial Tooth 56
4.3.1 The Structure and Mineralization of Tooth 56
4.3.1.1 The Structure of Enamel 56
4.3.1.2 The Mineralization of Enamel 57
4.3.1.3 The Structure of Dentin 58
4.3.1.4 The Mineralization of Dentin 58
4.3.2 Biomimetic Tooth 59
4.3.2.1 Biomimetic Enamel 59
4.3.2.2 Biomimetic Dentin 64
4.3.3 Future Directions 65
References 65
5 Biomimetic Chiral Nanomaterials 73
Lili Tan, Peng-peng Wang
5.1 Introduction 73
5.2 Biomolecular Encoding Chiral Inorganic Nanomaterials 74
5.2.1 Biomimetic Inorganic Nanomaterials with Surface Chirality 75
5.2.2 Biomolecularly Programmed Inorganic Assemblies 77
5.2.3 Chiral-shaped Inorganic Nanomaterials 80
5.3 Bioinspired Applications 81
5.3.1 Chiral Sensor 81
5.3.2 Chiral Catalyst 82
5.3.3 Chiral Therapy 85
5.4 Conclusion 86
References 87
6 Biomacromolecular Mimics 93
Nan Wu, Xiao Sang, Xinyu Zhang, and Xinyu Liu
6.1 Introduction 93
6.2 Structure and Function of Biomacromolecules 94
6.2.1 Nucleic Acids 94
6.2.2 Proteins 95
6.2.3 Polysaccharides 97
6.3 Development of Biomacromolecular Mimics 97
6.3.1 Directly Copying the Structures of Biomacromolecules 97
6.3.1.1 Genetic and Protein Engineering 98
6.3.1.2 Folding and Assembly 100
6.3.2 Chemical Modification of Bioproducts 102
6.3.2.1 Covalent Modification 102
6.3.2.2 Noncovalent Modification 104
6.3.2.3 De Novo Organic Synthesis 106
6.3.2.4 Enzyme-catalyzed Modification 109
6.4 Applications of Bio-macromolecular Mimics 110
6.4.1 Application of Nucleic Acid-based Mimics 111
6.4.2 Application of Protein-based Mimics 112
6.4.3 Polysaccharide-based Mimics 113
6.5 Challenges and Future Directions 115
6.6 Conclusion 115
References 116
7 Advanced Wood-based Bionic Materials 125
Yingying li
7.1 Wood Bionic Intelligence Science 125
7.2 Theoretical Basis of Wood Bionics Science 126
7.2.1 Hierarchal Structure of Wood 126
7.2.2 Multi-scale Porous Structure of Wood 127
7.3 Advanced Wood-based Materials 127
7.3.1 Transparent Wood-based Materials 128
7.3.2 Ultra-strong Wood 130
7.3.3 Magnetic-responsive Wood 131
7.3.4 Light-temperature Responsive Wood 133
7.3.5 Energy Storage Wood 134
7.3.6 Superhydrophobic Wood 135
7.4 Conclusion 136
References 137
8 Bio-inspired Multifunctional Nanocellulose Materials 141
Jieming Qiu, Rui Xiong
8.1 Introduction 141
8.2 Classification of Nanocellulose 142
8.2.1 The Main Properties of Nanocellulose 143
8.2.1.1 Excellent Mechanical Properties 143
8.2.1.2 Surface Chemical Tunability 143
8.2.1.3 Biocompatibility and Biodegradability 144
8.3 Multidimensional Structural Design of Nanocellulose 144
8.3.1 1D Nanocellulose Structures 145
8.3.1.1 Individual Fibril Structure 145
8.3.1.2 Aligned Nanofibril Structure 150
8.3.2 2D Hierarchical Structure 151
8.3.2.1 Self-assembly 152
8.3.2.2 LbL Growth 153
8.3.3 3D/4D Hierarchical Architectures 154
8.3.3.1 3D/4D Printing 154
8.3.3.2 Ice-templating Assembly 156
8.3.3.3 Self-assembly of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Structures 157
8.4 Conclusion and Outlook 160
References 161
9 Biomass-based Materials for a Circular Economy 173
Bing Ni
9.1 Introduction 173
9.2 Lignin Extraction and Functionalization 174
9.3 Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels 179
9.4 Biomass Conversion to Functional Carbon Materials 182
9.5 Conclusion 189
References 189
10 Biomimetic Aerogel 197
Hong Ju Jung
10.1 Introduction 197
10.2 Anisotropic Building Blocks 199
10.2.1 2D Material Dispersions 199
10.2.2 1D Material Dispersions 201
10.2.3 Hybrid Material Dispersions 202
10.3 Assembly Techniques 203
10.3.1 Self-assembly 205
10.3.2 Freeze Casting 205
10.3.3 Breath-figure Method 205
10.3.4 Electrochemical Gelation 206
10.4 Applications 206
10.4.1 Thermal Insulation 207
10.4.2 Elastic Sponges 208
10.4.3 Water Transport 208
10.4.4 Bio-scaffolds 209
10.4.5 Energy Storage System 209
10.4.6 Other Applications for Conductive BAs 211
10.5 Discussion 211
10.5.1 Diversity of Shapes 212
10.5.2 Mass Production 212
10.5.3 Structural Analysis 213
10.6 Conclusion 214
References 214
11 Mechanical Materials with Biomimetic Hierarchical Structures 221
Wenbing Wu
11.1 Introduction 221
11.2 Lamellar Organization 222
11.2.1 Layer-by-layer Assembly 222
11.2.2 Freeze-casting 225
11.2.3 Bulk Fabrication Methods 228
11.2.4 Additive Manufacturing 230
11.3 Columnar Organization 232
11.4 Challenges and Perspectives 235
References 238
12 Nanozyme 247
Ying Liu, Ruijie Qin, Run Yang, Huan Guo, Zhe Hao, Zhicheng Zhang, Ruizhong Zhang, Xiyan Li, Libing Zhang
12.1 Introduction of Nanozyme 247
12.2 Classification of Nanozymes 249
12.2.1 Carbon-based Nanomaterials for Nanozyme 249
12.2.2 Metal-based Nanomaterials for Nanozyme 250
12.2.3 Metal Oxide-based Nanomaterials for Nanozymes 251
12.2.4 Single-atomic Nanomaterials for Nanozymes 253
12.3 Applications of Nanozymes in Bioanalysis 254
12.3.1 Detection of Ions 254
12.3.2 Detection of Small Biological Molecules 255
12.3.3 Detection of Biological Macromolecules 256
12.3.4 Detection of Bacteria 257
12.3.5 Detection of Cancer Cells and Extracellular Vesicles 258
12.4 Applications of Nanozymes in Therapy 259
12.4.1 Nanozymes for Prooxidative Therapy 260
12.4.1.1 Antibacterial Applications 260
12.4.1.2 Anti-tumor Applications 260
12.4.2 Nanozymes for Cytoprotection and Antioxidant Therapy 262
12.4.2.1 Cytoprotection Applications 262
12.4.2.2 Antioxidant Applications 262
12.5 Challenges and Perspective 264
Acknowledgment 265
References 265
13 Photosynthesis and Photocatalytic Water Splitting 273
Xiaoke Li, Rui Yang, Zhicheng Zhang
13.1 Introduction 273
13.2 Photosynthesis: A Natural Masterpiece 274
13.3 Artificial Photocatalytic Water Splitting 275
13.3.1 Photocatalysts 276
13.4 Comparison of Natural and Artificial Systems 276
13.4.1 Quantum Efficiency 276
13.4.2 Mechanistic Differences 278
13.4.3 Charge Separation and Recombination 279
13.5 Potential Improvements in Artificial Systems 280
13.5.1 Improved Photocatalysts 280
13.5.2 Nanostructuring 281
13.5.3 Spatial Separation of HER and OER 284
13.6 Conclusion and Outlook 285
Acknowledgment 286
References 286
14 CO2 Conversion 291
Ziru Wang, Peilei He
14.1 Introduction: Basic Principles of Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 291
14.2 Nanostructures for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction 293
14.2.1 Semiconductor Nanostructures 293
14.2.2 Metal-organic Frameworks 295
14.2.3 CO2 Fixation Enzymes: Biomimetic Approaches 296
14.3 Challenges and Perspectives 297
References 298
15 Artificial N2 Fixation 303
Jinzheng Liu, Mingzhu Li, Mingliang Hu, Ruizhong Zhang, Xiyan Li, Zhicheng Zhang, Libing Zhang
15.1 Introduction 303
15.2 Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation 306
15.2.1 Precious Metal-based Materials for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation 309
15.2.2 Non-precious Metal-based Materials for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation 312
15.2.3 Nonmetallic Base Material for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation 314
15.3 Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation 314
15.3.1 Precious Metal-based Materials for Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation 317
15.3.2 Non-noble Metal-based Materials for Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation 319
15.3.3 Nonmetallic Base Material for Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation 321
15.4 Conclusion and Outlook 321
Acknowledgment 321
References 322
Index 329
