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基本説明
New edition of a classic text: the pioneering guide to water quality risk analysis has now been extensively updated. Meets global standards: recent global (UNESCO) and multinational (EU Water Framework Directive) standards.
Full Description
This new edition of a classic text has now been extensively updated to include the latest developments in risk analysis and water quality assessment and management. It takes into account the role of ecological water quality in integrated regional and transboundary water resources management, according to the latest UNESCO programmes and the new EU-Water Framework Directive. This practice-oriented textbook is a unique tool for identifying and evaluating local and regional environmental risks from pollution hazards in groundwater, river water and coastal seawaters. The book explains different risk-based probabilistic methodologies and fuzzy logic-based approaches and includes various mathematical models for water quality simulation and theories, such as the decision analysis, the utility theory and the integrated risk-based multi-criteria assessment and management, in order to thoroughly evaluate several case studies from the real world. Questions testing the reader?s understanding are given at the end of each chapter, and a useful appendix provides hints for answering them as well the solutions themselves.
Contents
WATER RESOURCES: QUANTITY AND QUALITY Water Pollution and Risk Analysis Water Pollution in Transboundary Regions The EU Water Framework Directive Uncertainties in Water Resources Management Environmental Risk Assessment and Management Aim and Organisation of the Book Questions and Problems - Chapter 1 RISK IDENTIFICATION Definition of Risk Typology of Risks and the Precautionary Principle Uncertainties in Water Pollution Problems Water Quality Specifications Probabilistic Risk and Reliability Fuzzy Risk and Reliability Questions and Problems - Chapter 2 RISK QUANTIFICATION Stochastic Approach Fuzzy Set Theory Time Dependence and System Risk Questions and Problems - Chapter 3 RISK ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL WATER QUALITY Risk in Coastal Water Pollution Risk in River Water Quality Risk in Groundwater Contamination Questions and Problems - Chapter 4 RISK MANAGEMENT Performance Indices and Figures of Merit Objective Functions and Optimisation Basic Decision Theory Elements of the Utility Theory Multi-Objective Decision Analysis Questions and Problems - Chapter 5 CASE STUDIES Coastal Pollution: The Thermaikos Gulf (Macedonia, Greece) River Water Quality: The Axios River (Macedonia, Greece) Groundwater Pollution: The Campaspe Aquifer (Victoria, Australia) APPENDIX A: THE PROBABILISTIC APPROACH Basic Probability The Multiplicative Law Statistical Independence Rare Events Theorem of Total Probability Bayes-Theorem Random Variables Expectation, Variance and Standard Deviation Derived Distributions Two-Dimensional Distributions Functions of Random Vectors APPENDIX B: THE FUZZY SET THEORY Basic Definitions Fuzzy Sets h-Level Sets, Normal and Convex Fuzzy Sets Fuzzy Numbers Cartesian Product Extension Principle Arithmetic Operations on Fuzzy Numbers as Extension of Interval Analysis Arithmetic Operations on Intervals APPENDIX C: HINTS FOR ANSWERING QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS
