Full Description
Based on the author's many years of experience in practicing safety assessment in industry and teaching students or professionals in this area, the topic of this book is seldom found on university curricula and many professionals do not have the knowledge required to interpret thermal data in terms of risks. For this reason, Francis Stoessel adopts a unique systematic how-to-do approach: Each chapter begins with a case history illustrating the topic and presenting the lessons learned from the incident. In so doing, he analyzes a goldmine of numerous examples stemming from industrial practice, additionally providing a series of problems or case studies at the end of each chapter. Divided into three distinct sections, part one looks at the general aspects of thermal process safety, while Part 2 deals with mastering exothermal reactions. The final section discusses the avoidance of secondary reactions, including heat accumulation and thermal confinement.
Contents
PART IHistory Chemical Industry and Safety Risk Analysis Safety Data Systematic Search for Hazards Key Factors for a Successful Risk Analysis FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMAL PROCESS SAFETY Case History: Storage during Week-End Energy Potential Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate Heat Balance Runaway Reactions Systematic Assessment Procedure Assessment Procedures Exercises EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES Case History: Diazotization Calorimetric Measurement Principles Choice of Instruments Used in Safety Laboratories Problems PART II: MASTERING Deviation Dynamic Stability of Reactors Example BATCH REACTORS Case History "Nitroaniline" Principles of Batch Reaction Strategies of Temperature Control Isothermal Reactions Adiabatic Reaction Polytropic Reaction Isoperibolic Reaction Temperature Controlled Reaction Key Factors for the Safe Design of Batch Reactors Exercises SEMI-BATCH REACTORS Case history Principles of Semi-Batch Reaction Reactant Accumulation in Semi-Batch Reactors Design of Safe Semi-Batch Reactors Isothermal Reaction Isoperibolic, Constant Cooling Medium Temperature Non Isothermal Reaction Strategies of Feed Control Choice of Temperature and Feed Rate Feed Control by Accumulation Exercises CONTINUOUS REACTORS Case History Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors Tubular Case history: "Process transfer" Temperature control of industrial reactors Heat exchange across the wall Evaporative cooling Dynamics of the temperature control system and process design Exercises RISK REDUCING MEASURES Case History Strategies of choice Eliminating measures Technical preventing Measures Emergency measures Design of technical measures Exercises PART III: AVOIDING SECONDARY REACTIONS THERMAL STABILITY Case History: Storage During Repair Thermal Stability and Secondary Decomposition Reactions Consequences of Secondary Decomposition Reactions Triggering Condition Experimental Characterization of Decomposition Reactions Exercises AUTOCATALYTIC REACTIONS Case History: DMSO Recovery Introduction Characterization of autocatalytic reactions Practical Safety Aspects for autocatalytic reactions Exercises HEAT CONFINEMENT Case History Heat accumulation situations Heat balance Heat balance with reactive material Assessing heat accumulation conditions Exercises SYMBOLS
