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Description
How did exorcism become a liturgical rite with liturgical books which still exist today-both as exorcism of catechumens prior to baptism as well as exorcism of the possessed? When did Christians begin to perform exorcisms? What elements did they adopt from their surrounding cultural context, and what distinctive emphases did they introduce?This study seeks to trace the origins of exorcism. Already in early Christian sources-such as the exorcisms performed by the apostles as recounted in the New Testament, the exorcisms described in apologetic literature, or the accounts in the martyrs' and saints' vitae-there are indications of successful exorcisms carried out by Christians. More difficult to determine, however, is when such exorcisms began to be performed regularly, when fixed rituals with standardized formulas became established, when exorcisms became an integral part of the baptismal liturgy, and when individuals were ordained or appointed to carry out exorcisms.The examination and reassessment of the available evidence seek to trace the continuities and discontinuities in the development of exorcism, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of its origins, function, and historical evolution.



