Full Description
This comprehensive volume analyzes dual markets for regulated substances and services, and aims to provide a framework for their effective regulation. A "dual market" refers to the existence of both a legal and an illegal market for a regulated product or service (for example, prescription drugs). These regulations exist in various countries for a mix of public health, historical, political and cultural reasons. Allowing the legal market to thrive, while trying to eliminate the illegal market, provides a unique challenge for governments and law enforcement.
Broken down into nine main sections, the book studies comparative international policies for regulating these "dual markets" from a historical, legal, and cultural perspective. It includes an analysis of the markets for psychoactive substances that are illegal in most countries (such as marijuana, cocaine, opiods and amphetimines), psychoactive substances which are legal in most countries and where consumption is widespread(such as alcohol and tobacco), and services that are generally regulated or illegal (such as sports betting, the sex trade, and gambling). For each of these nine types of markets, contributions focus on the relationship between regulation, the emerging illegal market, and the resulting overall access to these services.
This work aims to provide a comprehensive framework from a historical, cultural, and comparative international perspective. It will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, particularly with an interest in organized crime, as well as related fields such as sociology, public policy, international relations, and public health.
Contents
Introduction.- Part I - Drugs.- Chapter 1. Pre-Hague History of Opiates Control.- Chapter 2. The Current State of the World Heroin Markets.- Chapter 3. Prescription Opiates and Opioid Abuse: Regulatory Efforts to Limit Diversion from Medical Markets to Black Markets in the United States.- Chapter 4. The First Era of Cocaine Abuse and Control, 1884-1930.- Chapter 5. International Drug Conventions, Balanced Policy Recipes and Latin American Cocaine Markets.- Chapter 6. Methamphetamine and Precursor Laws in the United States.- Chapter 7. Marijuana Regulation in the United States.- Chapter 8. Decriminalization: Different Models in Portugal and Spain.- Chapter 9. The Dutch Model of Cannabis Decriminalization and Tolerated Retail.- Chapter 10. Legislative Measures Impact on the New Psychoactive Substances Market.- Chapter 11. Comparing Policies Across US Drug Markets.- Part II - Alcohol and Tobacco.- Chapter 12. The Russian Vodka Prohibition of 1914 and its Consequences.- Chapter 13. Alcohol Prohibition in the United States, 1920-1933, and its Legacies.- Chapter 14. Dodging the Bullet: Alcohol-Control Policy in Sweden.- Chapter 15. Iceland's Peculiar Beer Ban, 1915-1989.- Chapter 16. Cigarette Taxation, Regulation, and Illicit Trade in the United States.- Chapter 17. Price and Non-Price Determinants of the Illicit Cigarette Trade: Analysis at the Subnational Level in the EU.- Chapter 18. Regulation of E-Cigarettes in the United States.- Part III - Controversial Services.- Chapter 19. Creating Legal versus Illegal Gambling Businesses: How Proper Government Regulation Makes a Difference.- Chapter 20. Problem Gambling, Mental Health, Alcohol and Drug Abuse: Effects on Crime.- Chapter 21. The US Experience on Sports Betting.- Chapter 22. Outside of the United States: The Worldwide Availability of Sports Betting.- Chapter 23. The Swedish Prostitution Policy in Context.- Chapter 24. Legal Prostitution: The German and Dutch Models.
