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Description
(Text)
Between 1946 and 1953 ten conferences under the heading "Cybernetics. Circular, Causal, and Feedback Mechanisms in Biological and Social Systems" were held. Sponsored by Josiah Macy Jr., the so-called Macy Conferences mark perhaps the most important event in the history of science after WW II. Using new terms such as "information", "feedback", and "analogical/digital" as starting point, the participants tried to develop a universal theory of regulation and control, that would be applicable to living beings as well as to machines, to economic as well as to mental processes, and to sociological as well as to aesthetical phenomena. These concepts permeate thinking in such diverse fields as biology, neurology, sociology, language studies, computer science, and even psychoanalysis, ecology, politics, and economy. They marked the epoch-making changes from thermodynamics to cybernetics (Wiener), from the disciplinary to control society (Deleuze), and from the industrial to information society (Lyotard).
The Macy Conferences are of special historical/scientific value since they do not deal with completed texts yet, but rather with interdisciplinary negotiations about an emerging epistemology. This edition contains the complete transcription and protocols of all Macy Conference contributions.
(Table of content)
9 Editorial Note11 - 26 The Age of Cybernetics29 - 40 Introductory Discussion41 - 65 The Psychological Moment in Perception66 - 97 The Neurotic Potential and Human Adaptation98 - 121 Quantum Mechanical Theory of Memory122 - 159 Possible Mechanisms of Recall and Recognition160 - 162 Sensory Prosthesises163 - 164 References (1949)166 1950. Participants167 - 168 Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation Conference Program (1950)169 Introductory Remarks171 - 202 Some of the Problems Concerning Digital Notions in the Central Nervous System203 - 247 The Manner in Which and Extent to Which Speech Can Be Distorted and Remain Intelligible248 - 272 The Redundancy of English273 - 290 Experience in Learning Primitive Languages Through the Use of Learning High Level Linguistic Abstractions291 - 302 On the Development of Word Meanings303 - 306 The Development of Language in Early Childhood307 - 325 The Relationship of Symbolic Function in Language Formation and in Neurosis326 - 334 Appendix I: Body Symbolization and Development of Language335 Appendix II: References (1950)338 1951. Participants339 - 340 Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation Conference Program (1951)341 - 348 A Note by the Editors (1951)349 - 381 Communication Patterns in Problem-Solving Groups382 - 415 Communication Between Men416 - 445 Communication Between Sane and Insane446 - 473 Communication Between Animals474 - 479 Presentation of a Maze-Solving Machine480 - 509 In Search of Basic Symbols511 - 523 Appendix I: The Nomenclature of Information Theory525 - 528 Appendix II: References (1951)530 1952. Participants531 - 532 Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation Conference Program (1952)533 - 540 A Note by the Editors (1952)541 - 574 The Position of Humor in Human Communication575 - 592 The Place of Emotions in the Feedback Concept593 - 619 Homeostasis620 - 628 Discrimination and Learning in Octopus629 - 633 Reduction of the Number of Possible Boolean Functions634 - 650 Central Excitation and Inhibition651 - 653 Mechanical Chess Player654 - 656 Turbulence as Random Stimulation of Sense Organs657 - 665 Investigations on Synaptic Transmission666 - 676 Feedback Mechanism in Cellular Biology677 - 679 Appendix I: References (1952)682 1953. Participants683 Foreword685 - 686 The Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation Conference Program (1953)687 - 688 Introductory Remarks689 - 696 Studies on Activity of the Brain697 - 706 Semantic Information and its Measures707 - 718 Meaning in Language and How it is Acquired719 - 725 Appendix I: Summary of the Points of Agreement Reached in the Previous Nine Conferences on Cybernetics727 - 728 Appendix II: References (1953)729 - 734 Index
