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Full Description
This volume contains the proceedings of the workshop on "Soil Monitoring: Methods for Early Detection and Surveying of Soil Contamination and Degradation", held at the ETH seminar centre "Stefano Franscini" of Monte Verita, Ascona (Switzerland) from October 18 - 23, 1992. Seventy participants, representing a variety of institutions, nations, and disciplines, discussed the concepts, approaches, status, gaps, problems, and perspectives of soil pollution monitoring. The idea for this workshop came from A. Desaules when he was installing the Swiss National Soil Monitoring Network (NABO) as his doubts about the philosophy of soil monitoring prevailing at that time increased. This philosophy essentially equated soil mo nitoring with repetitive surveys of soil pollutant concentrations at pennanent observation sites. He sought others interested in discussing alternatives, and he found a ready partner in the ETH-Institute for Terrestrial Ecology. Soon it was realized that a discussion of the NABO would immediately raise general questions with respect to the conceptual basis of soil monitoring and that a minimum agreement on this basis was indispensable to discuss more specific problems related to the realization of the NABO. As a result, a workshop was organized whose objectives were in particular (i) an assessment of current knowledge on soil monitoring by pennanent networks, (ii) a syn thesis of the experience from different disciplines related to soil monitoring, (iii) the identification ofresearch gaps with respect to long-tenn and large-scale soil monitoring, and (iv) the design of a platfonn for the development of soil monitoring strategies and methodology.
Contents
Soil Monitoring in Switzerland by the NABO-Network: Objectives, Experiences and Problems.- Monitoring and Control of Regional Material Fluxes.- Available Databases for the Assessment of Regional Mass Balances in Agricultural Land.- Objectives of Long-term Areal Soil Monitoring.- Gaps of Current Concepts in Soil Monitoring; Potential and Drawbacks of Alternative Concepts.- Contaminant Mass Balances in Soil Monitoring.- Atmospheric Deposition Processes.- Filtering of Air-borne Contaminants by Vegetation Canopies.- Volatilization of Organic Chemicals from Soil.- Monitoring of Leaching of Reactive Solutes in Heterogeneous Soils: Problems Expected from a Modelling Perspective.- The Role of Soil Erosion in the Movement of Pollutants.- Contaminant Uptake by Plants.- Assessment of Contaminant Fluxes across the Soil Surface.- Assessment of Contaminant Fluxes across the Soil Plant Interface and below the Rooting Zone.- Sampling Efficiency for Mass Recovery Calculations.- Analytical Problems in the Determination of Inorganic Soil Contaminants.- Analytical Problems in the Determination of Organic Soil Contaminants.- The Potential of Microbiological Properties as Indicators in Soil Pollution Monitoring.- Magnetic Susceptibility of Soils in the Areas Influenced by Industrial Emissions.- Sampling and Analytical Techniques as Limiting Factors in Soil Monitoring.- Sources, Propagation and Control of Errors in Soil Monitoring.- Dealing with Spatial Variation.- Interference Between Spatial Variability and the Detection of Temporal Changes in Soils.- Using GIS for Processing Data from the Survey and Monitoring of Pollution.- Trend Detection in Soil Monitoring — Looking for the Needle in the Haystack.- Synthesis.- List of Participants.
