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Description
This book provides a detailed account of the intricate mechanisms and regulation of epithelial chloride transport, offering valuable insights into the regulation of salt balance in various vertebrate epithelial tissues. Over sixty years ago, J. Wendell Burger discovered that the rectal gland of elasmobranchs was the extrarenal organ responsible for excreting the salt gained by the animals. Since then, the rectal gland of elasmobranchs has been the only organ enabling whole organ, tissue, cellular and molecular studies of secondary active transport.
The rectal gland has not only illuminated the mechanism of chloride transport, but also allowed the characterization of some of the proteins involved in transport. The NaK-ATPase was first isolated and purified, and its biochemical properties were linked to transport activities. The sodium-potassium-two chloride cotransporter NKCC1 was cloned from this gland. Understanding chloride transport, as revealed through experiments on this gland, has provided insight into the physiology and pathophysiology of chloride transport disorders.
Readers will gain an insight into the scientists, protocols and specific experiments involved in nearly a century of research into the elasmobranch rectal gland, shedding light on the complex mechanisms and regulation of epithelial chloride transport.
Chapter 1. The Osmotic Predicament of Elasmobranchs.- Chapter 2. The Rectal Gland.- Chapter 3. Early Functional Studies of the Shark Rectal Gland.- Chapter 4. Initial Studies on Hormonal Control of Rectal Gland Function.- Chapter 5. Effect of Purines on the Secretion of Chloride by the Rectal Gland.- Chapter 6. Agents That Inhibit the Secretion by the Gland.- Chapter 7. The Role of Volume Expansion.- Chapter 8. Energy Requirement and Supply.- Chapter 9. The Cellular Process for the Secretion of Chloride.- Chapter 10. The Transport Proteins.- Chapter 11. Acid-Base Balance and Carbonic Anhydrase.- Chapter 12. Does Calcium Play a Role in the Secretion of Chloride by the Rectal Gland?.- Chapter 13. Other Salt Glands.- Chapter 14. Other Chloride Transporting Epithelia.
Patricio Silva, M.D. is a Nephrologist that graduated from Medical School in 1964, did a residency in Internal Medicine at The Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile after which he briefly joined the faculty. He did a Nephrology Fellowship at Yale and has been an Academic Nephrologist initially at the School of Medicine of Yale University, then at Harvard Medical School and its associated hospitals first The Boston City, then the Beth Israel, and lastly the Deaconess Hospitals, after which he moved to Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from where he retired as Emeritus Professor. He also did research at the Max-Plank-Institute für Biophysik in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and the Department of Biochemistry at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Throughout his career he was a Principal Investigator and Adjunct Professor at The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory for more than fifty years and where he continues to work on the physiology and molecular biology of the transport of chloride by the rectal gland of the shark. He is the author of more than three hundred publications in peer reviewed journals and the Bulletin of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, a significant proportion of them on the biochemistry, physiology and molecular biology of the transport of chloride.
David H. Evans received his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1967 and subsequently conducted research at the University of Lancaster (UK) and the Station Zoologique at Villefranche-sur-mer (FR). He served on the faculty at the University of Miami from 1969 to 1981 and at the University of Florida from 1981 to 2007. From 1978 to 2010, he was also a Principal Investigator at the Mt. Desert Island Biological Laboratory. His research focuses on the roles of the gills in fish osmoregulation. Dr. Evans is a Fellow of the AAAS and APS and has received the August Krogh Distinguished Lectureship, the William Hoar Lectureship, and the University of Florida Teacher/Scholar of the Year Award. Katherine C. Spokes was born in Minnesota and graduated from Edina High School. She attended Connecticut College and earned a Bachelor in Science degree in Zoology. In 1973 she joined the Renal Research Laboratory of Dr. Franklin H. Epstein at Harvard Medical School, initially at the Boston City Hospital and later the Beth Israel Hospital where she eventually was in charge of the Laboratory. During her tenure at the laboratory she participated in the teaching and training of all the Renal Fellows that trained at the Renal Division of the Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Hospital. Upon the retirement of Dr. Epstein she continued working at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston, later Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, with Dr. William Aird in the Hematology Division Center. She has one hundred and eight publications to her credit in peer reviewed journals and in The Bulletin of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory. After retirement, she continues to work on the molecular biology of transport in the rectal gland of the shark at Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory (MDIBL) and is a faculty member of the Renal Physiology Courses given at MDIBL.
