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Full Description
Does the mind consist only of conscious experiences, or do mental states extend beyond awareness to unconscious brain states with genuine representational content? This second volume in Jerome C. Wakefield's trilogy immerses readers in one of the most enduring debates in intellectual history—the multi-century dispute over unconscious mental states. Beginning with Descartes' consciousness criterion and Leibniz's divisibility argument, Wakefield reconstructs successive rounds of argument through Locke, Mill, and others, culminating in a dialectical confrontation between Freud and William James and a novel argument for the importance of dreams in the debate.
Building on Volume 1's analysis of Freud's conceptual and theoretical arguments, this book examines the empirical dimension: whether phenomena such as memory, unnoticed mental states, gaps in reasoning, post-hypnotic suggestion, and dreams demonstrate unconscious mentation. Wakefield situates Freud's position within the philosophy-of-mind tradition and shows how Freud's synthesis helped pivot psychology from Cartesianism to a representational view of mind that underpins modern cognitive science.
Combining historical depth with analytic rigor, this volume clarifies what was at stake, what was established, and what remains unresolved—namely, the missing criterion for unconscious representation. Essential reading for scholars and advanced students in philosophy of mind, psychoanalysis, and the history of psychology, it also sets the stage for Volume 3's engagement with post-Freudian analytic philosophy.
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction: The Multi-Century Debate Over the Existence of Unconscious Mental States.- Chapter 2 Descartes and the Origins of the Consciousness Criterion.- Chapter 3 Leibniz's Divisibility Argument for Unconscious Perceptions.- Chapter 4 The Memory Argument for Unconscious Mental States.- Chapter 5 Unnoticed Mental States.- Chapter 6 The Forgotten Consciousness Argument: Descartes to James.- Chapter 7 The Gap Argument.- Chapter 8 Beyond the Memory and Gap Arguments: Perception, Parapraxes, Post-hypnotic Suggestion, Non-conscious Problem Solving.- Chapter 9 Unconscious Cerebration.- Chapter 10 Unconscious Mental States Versus Split-Off Dissociated Consciousness, Part 1.- Chapter 11 Unconscious Mental States Versus Split-Off Dissociated Consciousness, Part 2.- Chapter 12 Descartes' Dream Interpretation as a Challenge to Descartes' Account of Mind.- Chapter 13 Concluding Remarks: The Missing Criterion for Unconscious Representation.
