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Full Description
Many current extremophile studies have been undertaken on species suited to extreme temperatures. In contrast, thermophiles (hot temperature-loving microbes) have received far more attention than psychrophiles (cold-loving microbes). On the other hand, scientific research on cold-adapted microbes (precisely polar microbes) has surged by a factor of ten in the last decades. Regarding the size of cold habitats, psychrophiles, or cold-loving creatures, thermophiles should outnumber thermophiles because a considerable percentage of the Earth's biosphere never sees temperatures beyond 5oC. Oceans span over three-quarters of the planet, with deep water masses between 2 and 4oC regardless of latitude. In addition to providing a constantly frigid terrestrial habitat, Antarctica also provides an aquatic niche in the surrounding ice that melts throughout the summer. Examples of cold ecosystems include permafrost soils, high alpine soils, cold deserts, cold caverns, marine sediments, snow, glaciers, and sea ice.
This book discusses the different aspects of microbial diversity and their adaptations to extreme polar regions, with a view to their biotechnological exploitation for future research. The chapters cover the complete atlas of up-to-date information. The contents offer molecular diversity and molecular and genetic adaptations of polar inhabitant microbes with a focus on low-temperature-adapted microorganisms. It describes representative groups, the habitats in which they live, and the strategies they employ to cope with the cold. The book will be of interest to all scientists interested in how life copes in deep freezers.
It is warranted to mention that for survival in frigid environments and climate change, these organisms have established specific regulatory mechanisms to overcome environmental cues. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made to uncover microbial adaptation to anthropogenic activities such as high irradiance, nutritional deprivation, UV-B radiation, heat, cold, desiccation, heavy metals, and radiation. However, studies have opened the doors for a basic understanding of gene regulatory pathways for morphological, physiological, metabolic, and genetic adaptations to various environmental stresses.
Unfortunately, the polar regions' adaptation mechanisms and molecular diversity are primarily unexplored. Even research is scattered for a long time, and researchers are looking for a common platform to have a complete snapshot in one place. Hence, the present book content has been designed to discuss the different aspects of microbial diversity and their adaptations to extreme polar regions for their biotechnological exploitation for future research. In addition, chapters have been designed to deal with the complete atlas of up-to-date information. Hence, the book will offer molecular diversity and molecular and genetic adaptations of polar inhabitant microbes.
The book will focus on low-temperature-adapted microorganisms. With cutting-edge knowledge, it will describe representative groups, the habitats in which they live, and the strategies they employ to cope with the cold. Furthermore, the book will offer valuable information to all those scientists interested in knowing how life manages in deep freezers.
Contents
Chapter 1. The Enigma of Photopsychrophily and Adaptation to Polar Habitats.- Chapter 2. Impact of Microplastics on Microbial Communities In Polar Environments.- Chapter 3. Antarctic and Arctic Seaweeds: Reassessing Diversity, Ecophysiological Adaptations, Connections and Changes in Biogeographical Distribution, as a Survival Strategy Facing Meteorological and Oceanographic Changes.- Chapter 4. Life in the Abyss: Exploring Microbial Diversity and Adaptation in the Deep Sea.- Chapter 5. The Biocatalytic Potential of Extremozyme and Efficient Downstream Processing.- Chapter 6. Insights into the Diversity, Adaptations and Ecological Function Of Antarctic Microorganisms Provided by Genomics.- Chapter 7. Agricultural Applications of Antarctic Bacteria and Fungi.- Chapter 8. Microbes-mediated Remediation of Petroleum And Hydrocarbons In Antarctic Environments.- Chapter 9. Enzymes with Pharmaceutical Applications by Microorganisms From Polar Environments.- Chapter 10. Antarctic Continent as a Natural Reservoir For Prospecting New Antifungal Agents Produced by Filamentous Fungi.- Chapter 11. Soil, Climate, and Food Security: Strategies and Sustainable Solutions for Global nourishment.- Chapter 12. An Over View of Microbes Present In The Extreme Environment.- Chapter 13. Pigments Production By Fungi From Polar Environments: From Cold to Industry.- Chapter 14: Winter thaws in polar terrestrial environments under global warming: impacts and survival strategies.
