Full Description
This interdisciplinary volume critically explores how the ever-increasing use of automated systems is changing policing, criminal justice systems, and military operations at the national and international level. The book examines the ways in which automated systems are beneficial to society, while addressing the risks they represent for human rights.
This book starts with a historical overview of how different types of knowledge have transformed crime control and the security domain, comparing those epistemological shifts with the current shift caused by knowledge produced with high-tech information technology tools such as big data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. The first part explores the use of automated systems, such as predictive policing and platform policing, in law enforcement. The second part analyzes the use of automated systems, such as algorithms used in sentencing and parole decisions, in courts of law. The third part examines the useand misuse of automated systems for surveillance and social control. The fourth part discusses the use of lethal (semi)autonomous weapons systems in armed conflicts.
An essential read for researchers, politicians, and advocates interested in the use and potential misuse of automated systems in crime control, this diverse volume draws expertise from such fields as criminology, law, sociology, philosophy, and anthropology.
Contents
1. Contextualizing automation in crime and security domains.- Part I. Automating Policing.- 2. Predictive policing as "social sorting on steroids?" Data (in)justice in practices of forecasting crime.- 3. Platform policing.- 4. Information in formation: algorithmic law enforcement and the life of data.- 5. Information systems in the area of freedom, security and justice: is EU movig toward indiscriminate mass surveillance of foreign nationals?- Part II. Automating Criminal Courts.- 6. Presumption of guilt and responsibility for the acts of others: postulates of criminal law in the age of automated justice?.- 7. Deciding on detention by using a computer program: Prior v1.0 as a tool for more fair judicial decisions?.- Part III. Automating Surveillance.- 8. Diffuse-disciplining: the pervasive nature of autonomous policing systems and their consequences.- 9. Automating spatial injustice: the case of Iran's surveillance of physical and virtual spaces.- Part IV. Automating Intelligence and military Operations.- 10. Project Maven, big data analytics and ubiquitous knowledge: the impossible promises and hidden politics of algorithmic vision.- 11. Humans, (semi)autonomous weapons systems and the assault on key principles of international humanitarian law.
