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Full Description
This book reviews the latest developments concerning the analysis, fate, behaviour and toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides. Over the last few decades, pyrethroid insecticides have increasingly replaced organochlorine pesticides due to their relatively lower mammalian toxicity, selective insecticide activity and lower environmental persistence. They represent 25% of global sales of insecticides, and are considered to be "safe" since they are converted to non-toxic metabolites by oxidative metabolism in fish and by hydrolysis in mammals. However, recent studies have demonstrated their environmental ubiquity, their bioaccumulation and their toxicity in various aquatic and terrestrial organisms, and even in humans.
Featuring contributions by leading experts, the book discusses the physico-chemical properties and uses of pyrethroid insecticides; the latest chemical analytical methods; their occurrence in the environment, biota and food; and their isomeric and enantiomeric behaviour. It particularly highlights the toxicological effects and human exposure to pyrethroid insecticides, and also offers insights into the effects of the salmon industry on the marine environment with a case study of sea lice treatment using pyrethroids. This comprehensive book is a valuable source of information for environmental scientists, policymakers and producers interested in issues related to pyrethroid insecticides.
Contents
Introduction to Pyrethroid Insecticides: Chemical structures, properties, mode of action and use.- Analytical methods for determining Pyrethroid Insecticides in environmental and food matrices.- Analytical methods for determination urinary metabolites of synthetic Pyrethroids.- Fate of Pyrethroids in freshwater and marine environments.- The ecological and evolutionary implications of Pyrethroid exposure: A new perspective on aquatic ecotoxicity.- Stereoselectivity and environmental behaviour of Pyrethroids.- Environmental risks of synthetic Pyrethroids used by the salmon industry in Chile.- Bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Pyrethroid Insecticides in wildlife and humans.- Indoor and outdoor Pyrethroid air concentrations.- Risk assessment of human exposure to Pyrethroids through food.- Human risk associated with long-term exposure to Pyrethroid insecticides.- Conclusions and future trends.
