Full Description
This handbook presents the development of synchrotron light sources and free-electron lasers as well as new scientific applications. Hardly any other discovery of the nineteenth century had such an impact on science and technology as Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen's seminal discovery of X-rays in the year 1895. X-ray tubes soon became established as excellent instruments for numerous applications in medicine, biology, materials science and testing, chemistry and even public security. Developing new radiation sources with higher and higher brilliance and much extended spectral range for an ever widening field of research resulted in stunning developments like the electron storage ring and the free-electron laser. This second edition includes both updated chapters and new contributions highlighting the most recent developments in the field. Reports on operation experience of the new FEL facilities are complemented by discussions of new developments in X-ray beamline optics and detectors. Contributions on applications now include high pressure work, catalytic processes and engineering materials, medical applications and studies of cultural heritage. New contributions on IR spectroscopy, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) and studies of liquids complete this second edition.
Contents
Synchrotron Radiation Physics.- Ultrashort Pulses from Synchrotron Radiation Sources.- Accelerator-Based THz Radiation Sources.- Seeding and Harmonic Generation in Free-Electron Lasers.- High-Gain Free-Electron Laser Theory, Introduction.- Self-Seeded Free-Electron Lasers.- Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation.- Brilliant Light Sources driven by Laser-Plasma Accelerators.- Storage Ring Design for Synchrotron Radiation Sources.- FLASH: The First Superconducting X-Ray Free-Electron Laser.- The Linac Coherent Light Source: Concept Development and Design Considerations.- The SACLA X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Based on Normal-Conducting C-Band Technology.- Energy-Recovery Linacs.- Integrated Multimagnet Systems.- Superconducting RF: Enabling Technology for Modern Light Sources.- Superconducting Radio-Frequency for High-Current CW Applications.- High Brightness Photo Injectors for Brilliant Light Sources.- Vacuum Systems for Synchrotron Light Sources and FELs.- Coupled-Bunch Instabilities in Storage Rings and Feedback Systems.- Control Systems for Accelerators: Operational Tools.- SRLS Beam Instrumentation and Diagnostics.- Free-Electron Laser Beam Instrumentation and Diagnostics.- Synchronization of FEL Components with Fiber Laser Techniques.- Shaping Photon Beams with Undulators and Wigglers.- Superconducting Wigglers and Undulators.- Coherence Properties of Third-Generation Synchrotron Sources and Free-Electron Lasers.- Characterization of the Time Structure of Free-Electron Laser Radiation.- Split-and-Delay Units for Soft and Hard X-Rays.- Focusing Mirror for Coherent Hard X-Rays.- Perfect Crystal Optics.- Sub-micrometer Focusing and High-Resolution Imaging with Refractive Lenses and Multilayer Laue Optics.- Hybrid Pixel Photon Counting X-Ray Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation.- Integrating Hybrid Area Detectors for Storage Ring and Free-Electron Laser Applications.- High Speed Imaging and Spectroscopy with Low Energy X-Rays.- X-Ray Holography.- Imaging of Objects by Coherent Diffraction of X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Pulses.- Quantum and Nonlinear Optics with Hard X-Rays.- Interaction of Intense X-Ray Beams with Atoms.- Molecular Soft X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy.- Molecular Physics and Gas-Phase Chemistry with Free-Electron Lasers.- Clusters and Nanocrystals.- Metrology with Synchrotron Radiation.- Putting Molecules in the Picture: Using Correlated Light Microscopy and Soft X-Ray Tomography to Study Cells.- Synchrotron Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering on Biological Macromolecules in Solution.- Structural Biology Applications of Synchrotron Radiation and X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers.- Application of Micro- and Nanobeams for Materials Science.- High-Energy X-Ray Scattering and Imaging.- Engineering Materials Science Using Synchrotron Radiation.- X-Ray Studies of Energy Materials.- Applications of the X-Ray Standing Wave Technique in Physical Science Research.- Synchrotron and FEL Studies of Matter at High Pressures.- Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering from Liquid Surfaces and Interfaces.- X-Ray Studies of Water.- Structural Dynamics of Materials Probed by X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy.- Angle-Resolved Photoemission.- IR spectroscopy and spectro-microscopy with synchrotron radiation.- The X-Ray View of Ultrafast Magnetism.- High-Resolution Inelastic X-Ray Scattering I: Context, Spectrometers, Samples, and Superconductors.- High-Resolution Inelastic X-Ray Scattering Part II: Scattering Theory, Harmonic Phonons, and Calculations.- Nuclear Resonance.- High Resolution Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering from Solids in the Soft Range.- Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) Studies in Chemistry: Present and Future.- High-Resolution Soft X-ray Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering.- Chemical Mapping of Ancient Artifacts and Fossils with X-Ray Spectroscopy.- Using Synchrotron Radiation for Characterization of Cultural Heritage Materials
