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For almost three thousand years, Egypt and Mesopotamia were each ruled by the single sacred office of kingship. Though geographically near, these ancient civilizations were culturally distinct, and scholars have historically contrasted their respective conceptualizations of the ultimate authority, imagining Egyptian kings as invested with cosmic power and Mesopotamian kings as primarily political leaders. In fact, both kingdoms depended on religious ideals and political resources to legitimate and exercise their authority. Cross-cultural comparison reveals the sophisticated and varied strategies that ancient kings used to unify and govern their growing kingdoms.
Experiencing Power, Generating Authority draws on rich material records left behind by both kingdoms, from royal monuments and icons to the written deeds and commissions of kings. Thirteen essays provocatively juxtapose the relationships Egyptian and Mesopotamian kings had with their gods and religious mediators, as well as their subjects and court officials. They also explore the ideological significance of landscape in each kingdom, since the natural and built environment influenced the economy, security, and cosmology of these lands. The interplay of religion, politics, and territory is dramatized by the everyday details of economy, trade, and governance, as well as the social crises of war or the death of a king. Reexamining established notions of cosmic and political rule, Experiencing Power, Generating Authority challenges and deepens scholarly approaches to rulership in the ancient world.
Contributors: Mehmet-Ali AtaÇ, Miroslav BArta, Dominique Charpin, D. Bruce Dickson, Eckart Frahm, Alan B. Lloyd, Juan Carlos Moreno Garcia, Ludwig D. Morenz, Ellen Morris, Beate Pongratz-Leisten, Michael Roaf, Walther Sallaberger, JoAnn Scurlock.
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
Glossary
Introduction. Comparing Kingship in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia: Cosmos, Politics, and Landscape
-Jane A. Hill, Philip Jones, and Antonio J. Morales
I. COSMOS
Chapter 1. Propaganda and Performance at the Dawn of the State
-Ellen Morris
Chapter 2. "I am the Sun of Babylon": Solar aspects of royal power in Old Babylonian Mesopotamia
-Dominque Charpin
Chapter 3. Rising Suns and Falling Stars: Assyrian Kings and the Cosmos
-Eckart Frahm
Chapter 4. Texts before Writing: Reading (Proto-)Egyptian Poetics of Power
-Ludwig D. Morenz
Chapter 5. Images of Tammuz: The Intersection of Death, Divinity, and Royal Authority in Ancient Mesopotamia
-JoAnn Scurlock
II. POLITICS
Chapter 6. Building the Pharaonic state: Territory, Elite and Power in Ancient Egypt in the Third millennium BCE
-Juan Carlos Moreno Garc¡a
Chapter 7. The Management of the Royal Treasure: Palace Archives and Palatial Economy in the Ancient Near East
-Walther Sallaberger
Chapter 8. Egyptian Kingship During the Old Kingdom
-Miroslav BArta
Chapter 9. All The King's Men: Authority, Kingship, and The Rise of the Elites in Assyria
-Beate Pongratz-Leisten
Chapter 10. Kingship as Racketeering: The Royal Tombs and Death Pits at Ur, Mesopotamia, Reinterpreted from the Standpoint of Conflict Theory
-D. Bruce Dickson
III. LANDSCAPE
Chapter 11. Mesopotamian Kings and the Built Environment
-Michael Roaf
Chapter 12. Expeditions to the Wadi Hammamat: Context and Concept
-Alan B. Lloyd
Chapter 13. "Imaginal" Landscapes in Assyrian Imperial Monuments
-Mehmet-Ali AtaÇ
APPENDICES
1. Chronological Table for Egyptian and Mesopotamian Cultures
2. Map of Major Egyptian Sites
3. Map of Major Mesopotamian Sites
Index
List of Contributors
