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Full Description
In the last two decades, most urban roads have experienced tremendous growth in traffic leading to frequent congestion and delays. Due to shrinking right-of-way and limited highway budgets, roadway planners and designers have been constantly exploring innovative ways of road design. Moreover, in recent years, highway agencies have often found it difficult to secure adequate funds for road construction due to conflicting public opinions and political views. This book addresses the intelligent concepts of the ancient endeavor of road design. An intelligent road design model that can quickly optimize horizontal and vertical alignments will allow quick evaluations of many competing alignment alternatives that should allow quicker political and public approval. For such purposes, this book extensively discusses how a road alignment optimization model can be developed and applied in real case studies. Based on over eight years of research by the authors in intelligent road design and alignment optimization, this advanced text book will be appropriate for road planners, designers, senior undergraduate students and graduate students.
Contents
PART A: Theoretical foundations and techniques for intelligent road design Chapter 1: Introduction Background and motivation; The highway planning process; Intelligent road design; Highway design models Chapter 2: Traditional methods for alignment optimization Costs associated with highway transportation; Relations between highway costs and alignment configurations; Constraints and operational requirements in highway alignments; Models for optimizing horizontal alignment; Models for optimizing vertical alignment; Models for simultaneously optimizing horizontal and vertical alignments; Summary Chapter 3: Basic definitions and properties of alignment optimization Basic definitions and theorems of highway alignments; The properties of models for optimizing alignments PART B: Intelligent road alignment models Chapter 4: Modeling the optimization problem for non-backtracking horizontal alignments Data format for describing the region of interest; Representation of alignment; An overview of the cost function; Location-dependent costs; Length-dependent costs; User costs; Final model and its properties Chapter 5: Solution algorithms for optimizing non-backtracking horizontal alignments Genetic encoding; Initial population; Fitness function; Selection/replacement; Genetic operators; Convergence; Other issues Chapter 6: Model and solution algorithms for optimizing backtracking horizontal alignments Representation of alignment; Cost function; Final model and its properties; Genetic encoding and initial population; Genetic operators; An example Chapter 7: Model and solution algorithms for optimizing non-backtracking 3-dimensional alignments Representation of alignment; Cost function; Final model and its properties; Genetic encoding and initial population; Genetic operators Chapter 8: Model and solution algorithms for optimizing backtracking 3-dimensional alignments Representation of alignment; Cost function; Final model and its properties; Genetic encoding and initial population; Genetic operators Chapter 9: Case study and sensitivity analysis Case study 1; Case study 2; Case study 3 Chapter 10: Alignment optimization with GIS An overview of MDProperty View; Other GIS database and maps; Environmental issues; Developing solution algorithms with GIS; Case studies with real maps using GIS PART C: Intelligent intersection and road structure design Chapter 11: Modeling intersections and road structures Road structures in highway engineering; Importance of incorporating road structures into highway alignment optimization; Characteristics of road structures on highways Chapter 12: Cost functions of intersections and road structures for highway alignment optimization Estimating highway earthwork cross sectional areas; Modeling intersection cost functions sensitive to alignments; Development of bridge cost functions; Cost functions for grade separated structures (underpass and overpass); Interchange cost functions; Cost functions for short tunnels Chapter 13: Incorporating the developed cost functions for intersections and road structures into genetic algorithms Algorithm for obtaining ground elevations using planar interpolation; Algorithm for combining functions of bridges and tunnels; Algorithms for incorporating intersections, grade separations and interchanges Chapter 14: Local optimization of intersections for highway alignment optimization Motivation for local intersection optimization; Methods for local intersection optimization; Formulation of the objective function for local intersection optimization; Example study Chapter 15: Case studies with intersections and road structures Application of planar interpolation for estimating earthwork costs; Results incorporating bridges and tunnels into alignment optimization; Case studies with intersections and other structures; Two-stage alignment optimization; Sensitivity analysis of critical parameters Chapter 16: Future work Other artificial intelligence techniques for optimal search; Optimization of networks; GIS issues; Formulation of other costs; Hierarchal representation of cost components in optimization; Digital terrain modeling; Conceptual improvements
