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Full Description
Eighteenth-century essay competitions epitomised the tensions and contradictions that characterised the Enlightenment in general, and especially its media of communication and venues of sociability. This book is the first to provide a preliminary, and necessarily incomplete, overview of this phenomenon across national and linguistic borders, as well as cover a variety of institutional settings, from royal academies to voluntary societies to contests sponsored by various professional bodies and newspapers.
Thousands of participants in competitions across Europe and its colonies in the long eighteenth century did not only pronounce their views on the set questions. They wrote to win the prize - that is, they employed certain strategies of argumentation to appeal to juries at particular institutions and within distinct socio-political contexts. Numerous entries to the competitions await researchers in national and provincial archives: this book should, in its own way, instigate their further study.
Contents
1. Avi Lifschitz and Martin Urmann, Introduction: writing to win the prize
GENEALOGIES, PRAXIS, GENRE
2. Arjan van Dixhoorn, Genealogies of the Enlightenment prize question: vernacular prize contests in late medieval and early modern Europe
3. Martin Urmann, The discourse on passions in the prize contests of the French academies and the Berlin Academy
4. Maria Susana Seguin, Competitions and prizes at the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris in the eighteenth century
5. Martin Gierl, Organising science: prize contests in Göttingen and the case of Georg Christoph Lichtenberg
NEGOTIATING THE LOCAL AND THE TRANSNATIONAL
6. Kelsey Rubin-Detlev, Prize essay contests at the St Petersburg Imperial Academy of Sciences in the eighteenth century
7. Auguste Bertholet, Béla Kapossy and Radoslaw Szymanski, The Economic Society of Bern and the 1764 prize contest on 'the spirit of legislation'
8. Georgios Roupas, Between two academies: prize contests on unfree labour in Besançon and Paris c.1780
9. Jean-Alexandre Perras, Éloges as prize questions: how the eulogy of Pierre Bayle did not become a contest topic at the Berlin Academy
'USEFUL KNOWLEDGE' AND NATIONAL IMPROVEMENT
10. Elvira Chiosi and Pasquale Matarazzo, Prize competitions in eighteenth-century Italy
11. Juliane Engelhardt, From theory to practice: prize contests in the eighteenth-century Danish composite monarchy
12. Nicola Miller, Competing to define the future: prize contests in independence-era Spanish America
