Full Description
The cause of diabetes mellitus is metabolic in origin. However, its major clinical manifestations, which result in most of the morbidity and mortality, are a result of its vascular pathology. In fact, the American Heart Association has recently stated that, "from the point of view of cardiovascular medicine, it may be appropriate to say, diabetes is a cardiovascular disease" (1). But diabetic vascular disease is not limited to just the macrovasculature. Diabetes mellitus also affects the microcirculation with devastating results, including nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States, while diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of new-onset blindness in working-age Americans. The importance of this text on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease is evident by the magnitude of the population affected by diabetes mellitus. Over 10 million Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, while another 5 million remain undiagnosed. The impact from a public health perspective is huge and increasing. As the population of the United States grows older, more sedentary, and obese, the risk of developing diabetes and its complications will increase. Epidemiological studies have identified diabetes mellitus as a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Over 65% of patients with diabetes mellitus die from a cardiovascular cause. The prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus who develop overt clinical cardiovascular disease is much worse than those cardiovascular patients free of diabetes mellitus.
Contents
Part I. Pathophysiology
Effects of Insulin on the Vascular System
Helmut O. Steinberg
Effects of Diabetes and Insulin Resistance on Endothelial Functions
Zhiheng He, Keiko Naruse, and George L. King
Diabetes and Advanced Glycoxidation End-Products
Melpomeni Peppa, Jaime Uribarri, and Helen Vlassara
The Renin-Angiotensin System in Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications
Edward P. Feener
PPARs and Their Emerging Role in Vascular Biology, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis
Jorge Plutzky
Diabetes and Thrombosis
David J. Schneider and Burton E. Sobel
Role of Estrogens in Vascular Disease in Diabetes: Lessons Learned From the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Agathocles Tsatsoulis and Panayiotis Economides
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activation and Nitrosative Stress in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes
Pál Pacher and Csaba Szabó
Adiponectin and the Cardiovascular System
Suketu Shah, Alina Gavrila, and Christos S. Mantzoros
Nitric Oxide and Its Role in Diabetes Mellitus
Michael T. Johnstone and Eli Gelfand
Diabetes and Atherosclerosis
Maria F. Lopes-Virella and Gabriel Virella
The Use of Animal Models to Study Diabetes and Atherosclerosis and Potential Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapies
Peter D. Reaven and Wulf Palinski
Part II. Clinical
A. Risk Factors
The Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Disease
S. J. Creely, Aresh J. Anwar, and Sudhesh Kumar
Diabetes and Hypertension
Samy I. McFarlane, Amal F. Farag, David Gardner, and James R. Sowers
Diabetes and Dyslipidemia
Asha Thomas-Geevarghese, Catherine Tuck, and Henry N. Ginsberg
B. Microcirculation
Diabetic Retinopathy
Lloyd Paul Aiello and Jerry Cavallerano
Diabetic Nephropathy
Richard J. Solomon and BijanRoshan
Diabetic Neuropathy
Rayaz A. Malik and Aristidis Veves
Microcirculation of the Diabetic Foot
Chantel Hile and Aristidis Veves
C. Cardiovascular System: Peripheral Vascular System
Epidemiology of Peripheral Vascular Disease
Stephanie G. Wheeler, Nicholas L. Smith, and Edward J. Boyko
Noninvasive Methods to Assess Vascular Function and Pathophysiology
Peter G. Danias and Rola Saouaf
Peripheral Vascular Disease in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Bernadette Aulivola, Allen D. Hamdan, and Frank W. LoGerfo
Therapeutic Interventions to Improve Endothelial Function in Diabetes
Lalita Khaodhiar and Aristidis Veves
D. Cardiovascular System: Cardiac
Preoperative Assessment and Perioperative Management of the Surgical Patient With Diabetes Mellitus
Alanna Coolong and Mylan C. Cohen
Diabetes and Percutaneous Interventional Therapy
David P. Lorenz, Joseph P. Carrozza, and Lawrence Garcia
Cardiac Surgery and Diabetes Mellitus
Tanveer A. Khan, Pierre Voisine, and Frank W. Sellke
Heart Failure and Cardiac Dysfunction in Diabetes
Lawrence H. Young, Raymond R. Russell, III, and Deborah Chyun
Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Disease
Michael T. Johnstone and George P. Kinzfogl
Index
