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Full Description
A comprehensive account of how nanomaterials are synthesized and processed, this book presents the theory and technology of introducing nano-based materials as value-added elements into product manufacturing. The book explains the fundamentals of vapor, liquid, solid phase, and biosystem-assisted nanoparticle syntheses, with sufficient analysis of each method to permit decisions on which is most productive, energy efficient and safe. The text then confronts the problems of scaling up from lab-based syntheses to manufacturing and demonstrates how nanomaterials on the shop floor require new protocols of quality assurance and employee and environmental protection. The book concludes with case studies of individuals who endeavored to commercialize nanotechnologies for higher-volume production. This book: contains introduction and critical analysis of all major methods of synthesizing nanoparticles, nanoscale processing, nanopatterning, nanometrology. It offers scaling up nanotechnologies from the laboratory to the shop floor, How nanoparticles affect quality control, worker safety, and the environment. It covers understanding challenges to nanotechnology commercialization.
Contents
Preface; Acknowledgements; 1. Introduction; References; 2. Vapor-Phase Synthesis; Vapor Condensation; Chemical Vapor Deposition; Flame Synthesis (Combustion Synthesis); Arc-Discharge Method; Laser-Ablation Method; References; 3. Liquid-Phase Synthesis; Chemical Precipitation; Sol-Gel Method; Microemulsion (Micelle/reverse Micelle) Reaction Method; Liquid-phase Electrochemical Deposition; Other Liquid-phase Synthesis Approaches; References; 4. Solid-Phase Synthesis; Mechanical Milling; Surface Modification; References; 5. Biological System-Assisted Synthesis; References; 6. Synthesis of Nanocarbon; Synthesis of 1-D Nanocarbon (Carbon Nanofiber and Carbon Nanotube); Synthesis of 2-D Nanocarbon (Graphite Nanoplatelet and Graphene Single Layer); References; 7. Nanoscale Processing and Nanopatterning Techniques; Nanoscale Self-assembly (Bottom-up Approach); Lithography Techniques (Top-down Approach); References; 8. Nanotechnology Applications in Commercial Sectors; What Is Nanotechnology?; Applications in Commercial Sectors; The New Discipline Landscape; References; 9. Quality Assurance and Materials Characterizations; Introduction; Producing a Quality Product; Approaches to Analytical Process Control; Nanometrology; Handling Data; Current State of Affairs; References; Appendix: Description of Selected Analytical Techniques; 10. Environmental, Health, and Safety Issues; Introduction; Nanomaterials, Nanocomposites, and EHS; Life-cycle Stages; Health and Safety Issues; Physical Chemical Measurements of Nanoparticles for Toxicology; Environmental Fate Issues; Current EHS Practices; Best Practices; Risk Analysis as a Tool for Identifying and Managing EHS Issues; References; 11. Issues for Industry Applications; Introduction; Barriers to Nanotechnology Commercialization; Product Development and Commercialization Perspective; Governmental Certifications; Summary; References; 12. Education, Training, and Policy for Industry; Introduction; Educational Need versus the Status Quo; Nanotechnology and Capitol Hill; A Workforce Ready for the Future; The Need to Develop a Stem Nano Ecosystem; Nanotechnology Education Act; Explore Possibilities Through Collaboration; Schematic View of the Current Nanoeducation System; Summary and Recommendation; Case Studies; Summary; Further Reading; References; Conclusion; Glossary; Appendix; Index.
