Full Description
With an estimated human population prevalence of 1:2000, Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome (VCFS) is the second-most common multiple anomaly syndrome in humans and almost all children with the syndrome have speech and language impairments that are generally recognized to be complex and difficult to treat. To demonstrate and to provide clinicians with expert guidance, the authors have produced a comprehensive two-volume set with a combination of text and video demonstrating the clinical features of Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome (VCFS); the communication phenotype in VCFS; the natural history of speech and language in VCFS; diagnostic procedures necessary for assessing speech and language disorders in VCFS; the treatment of speech and language impairment in VCFS; and outcomes, demonstrated by video on an accompanying DVD to Volume II. This volume commences with a survey of the history of VCFS and provides an exhaustive description of the 190 phenotypes associated with the syndrome, including speech and language, hearing, cognition, and many other critically affected areas. The genetics of VCFS are extensively covered, including inheritance factors and an exploration of the genome deletion.Thereafter, a range of triage options across a wide variety of medical and allied health disciplines is given, before concluding with a final chapter on growth, weight gain, and feeding.
An accompanying DVD includes 19 video clips with examples to illuminate the accompanying chapter matter.
Contents
Preface Chapter 1: The History of VCFS The History of VCFS Two Major Events in 1992 Communication Disorders and VCFS The Significance of Two Anomalies Occurring Together The Implications for Speech Pathologists, Surgeons, and Other Craniofacial Specialties What Do I Call It? Chapter 2: The Expansive Phenotype of VCFS Craniofacial Anomalies Ear and Hearing Anomalies The Nose Eye Findings Cardiac Findings Vascular Anomalies Brain and Central Nervous System Anomalies Pharyngeal, Laryngeal, and Airway Anomalies Abdominal and Visceral Anomalies Limb Anomalies Problems in Infancy Genitourinary Anomalies Skeletal, Muscle, Spine, and Orthopedic Anomalies Skin and Hair Findings Endocrine and Immune Findings Speech and Language Disorders Cognitive, Learning, and Attentional Disorders Psychiatric Disorders Miscellaneous Anomalies Secondary Developmental Sequences Why the Expansive Phenotype ? Chapter 3: The Genetics of VCFS What Does Genetic Mean? Mode of Inheritance Describing the Genome at 22q11.2 Determining the Nature of the Deletion in VCFS How the Deletion Occurs Identifying the Genes in the Deleted Region Determining What the Genes Do, Identifying Candidate Genes for Specific Phenotypes, and Identifying Polymorphisms Animal Models and Knockouts How Is a Deletion Different from Other Mutations? Genetic Effects Outside of the 22q11.2 Region That Contribute to the Phenotype Epigenetic Factors That Might Contribute to the Phenotypic Spectrum Genetic Counseling for VCFS Mosaicism and Germline Mosaicism Counseling for People with VCFS Chapter 4: Triage in VCFS: Utilizing the Natural History Audiology (Hearing Testing) Cardiology (Pediatric Cardiology) Cardiothoracic Surgery Clinical Genetics and Genetic Counseling Dentistry and Orthodontics Developmental Pediatrics Endocrine Evaluation Gastroenterology (Pediatric Gastroenterology) Immunology Evaluation Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Angiography Nasopharyngoscopy, FEES or FEESST, Direct Laryngoscopy, Bronchoscopy, Esophagoscopy, and Gastroscopy Nephrology Neurology Neuropsychology Neurosurgical Evaluation Nutrition Ophthalmology (Pediatric Ophthalmology) Orthopedics Otolaryngology Physical Therapy Podiatry Psychiatry Pulmonology (Pediatric Pulmonology) Reconstructive Surgery Renal Ultrasound Speech-Language Evaluation Urology Videofluoroscopy for Speech Videofluoroscopy for Swallowing Chapter 5: Growth, Weight Gain, and Feeding Is Short Stature a Feature of VCFS? Significance of these Data and the Growth Curve Possible Flaws in the Data Implications Feeding Therapy Emesis and Spitting Up Through the Nose Feeding Time (Duration) Feeding Position Type of Bottle and Nipple Burping Identifying and Understanding the Factors Leading to Problems What If the Child Already Has a Tube? Appendix: Clinical Synopsis of VCFS Index
