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Designing Networks and Services for the CloudDelivering business-grade cloud applications and servicesA rapid, easy-to-understand approach to delivering a secure, resilient, easy-to-manage, SLA-driven cloud experienceDesigning Networks and Services for the Cloud helps you understand the design and architecture of networks and network services that enable the delivery of business-grade cloud services. Drawing on more than 40 years of experience in network and cloud design, validation, and deployment, the authors demonstrate how networks spanning from the Enterprise branch/HQ and the service provider Next-Generation Networks (NGN) to the data center fabric play a key role in addressing the primary inhibitors to cloud adoption-security, performance, and management complexity. The authors first review how virtualized infrastructure lays the foundation for the delivery of cloud services before delving into a primer on clouds, including the management of cloud services. Next, they explore key factors that inhibit enterprises from moving their core workloads to the cloud, and how advanced networks and network services can help businesses migrate to the cloud with confidence.You'll find an in-depth look at data center networks, including virtualization-aware networks, virtual network services, and service overlays. The elements of security in this virtual, fluid environment are discussed, along with techniques for optimizing and accelerating the service delivery. The book dives deeply into cloud-aware service provider NGNs and their role in flexibly connecting distributed cloud resources, ensuring the security of provider and tenant resources, and enabling the optimal placement of cloud services. The role of Enterprise networks as a critical control point for securely and cost-effectively connecting to high-performance cloud services is explored in detail before various parts of the network finally come together in the definition and delivery of end-to-end cloud SLAs. At the end of the journey, you preview the exciting future of clouds and network services, along with the major upcoming trends.If you are a technical professional or manager who must design, implement, or operate cloud or NGN solutions in enterprise or service-provider environments, this guide will be an indispensable resource.* Understand how virtualized data-center infrastructure lays the groundwork for cloud-based services* Move from distributed virtualization to "IT-as-a-service" via automated self-service portals* Classify cloud services and deployment models, and understand the actors in the cloud ecosystem* Review the elements, requirements, challenges, and opportunities associated with network services in the cloud* Optimize data centers via network segmentation, virtualization-aware networks, virtual network services, and service overlays* Systematically secure cloud services* Optimize service and application performance* Plan and implement NGN infrastructure to support and accelerate cloud services* Successfully connect enterprises to the cloud* Define and deliver on end-to-end cloud SLAs* Preview the future of cloud and network services
Contents
Introduction xixPart I Building Blocks for Offering Network Services in the CloudChapter 1 Virtualization 1Virtualization Basics 1One to Many 2Many to One 2Virtualization: A Brief History 3Server Virtualization 3Drivers for Server Virtualization 4Approaches to Server Virtualization 5Components of Server Virtualization 6CPU Virtualization 6Memory Virtualization 7I/O Virtualization 8Benefits and Risks of Server Virtualization 11Network Virtualization 12Drivers for Network Virtualization 12Logical Segmentation: One to Many 14Path Isolation 14Access Control 17Sharing Network Services 17Network Consolidation: Many to One 18Software Defined Networking 19Virtualization-Aware Networks 20Benefits and Risks of Network Virtualization 21Storage Virtualization 22Drivers for Storage Virtualization 22How Storage Virtualization Works 22Common Implementations of Storage Virtualization 23Array-Based Storage Virtualization 23Network-Based Storage Virtualization 23Benefits and Risks of Storage Virtualization 24Summary 25Review Questions 25References 26 Chapter 2 Arrival of the Cloud 29Phases of Virtualization 29Virtualization Enables the Cloud 31What Exactly Is Cloud Computing? 32A Little History 34Trends Driving the Growth of Cloud Computing 35Impact of the Cloud 37Spur Innovation and Entrepreneurship Globally 38Collect and Analyze Big Data 39Cloud Challenges 41Security 41Compliance 42SLA: Reliability and Performance 42Interoperability 43Summary 44Review Questions 45References 45Chapter 3 Cloud Taxonomy and Service Management 47Cloud Service Models 47Software-as-a-Service 48SaaS Stack 49PaaS 50PaaS Components 52IaaS 53IaaS Components 54Comparing IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS 55Scope and Control 55Evolution 56Deployment Models for the Cloud 56Public Cloud 57Private Cloud 57Hybrid Cloud 57Community Clouds 59Open Clouds: Toward the True Intercloud 59 Cloud Actors 60Cloud Service Management and Orchestration 62Service Orchestration 63Summary 64Review Questions 64References 65Chapter 4 Networks and Services in the Cloud 67The CIO's Dilemma 67Increasing Relevance of the Network 69World of Many Clouds 70An Even Larger Cloud 70Growth of Cloud Data Traffic 71Monetization 73Service Catalog 73Network Services a la Carte 74OpenStack Quantum 75Network Containers 77Cisco Network Services Manager 78Evolution of Network Services for the Cloud 80Automation 80Virtualization Awareness and Multitenancy 80Location Independence 81Quick Guide to the Rest of This Book 82Part II: Inside the Data Center Networks 82Part III: Inside the SP Next Generation Network (WAN) 82Part IV: Putting It All Together-Cloud Services Delivered 83Summary 83Review Questions 84References 84Part II Inside the Data Center NetworksChapter 5 Role of the Network Infrastructure in a Virtualized Environment 85Trends Influencing the Data Center 86Case 1: Acquisition of a Community Bank 86Virtualization 87Cloud Enablement 88 Power and Cooling Considerations 88Return on Investment 89Economy of Scale 90Case 2: Service Provider Enabling New Services and Content to Its Customers 91Virtualization 92Cloud Enablement 92Power and Cooling Considerations 93Return on Investment 93Economy of Scale 94Case 3: Public Utility Companies Offering Smart Technologies to Address Power and Energy Requirements in a More Reliable, Economic, and Sustainable Manner 97Virtualization 97Cloud Enablement 98Return on Investment 98Economy of Scale 99Case 4: High-Performance Computing and Low-Latency Applications 99Virtualization 100Cloud Enablement 101Power and Cooling Considerations 101Economy of Scale 101Summary of the Use Cases 102Network Segmentation in the Data Center 102Multitenancy 106Network Containers 107Virtualization-Aware Network 108Virtual Switching 108Network Policy 110VM Mobility 110Virtual Network Services 111Fabric Intelligence for Virtual Services 111Service Overlay 112Summary 113Review Questions 113Reference 114 Chapter 6 Securing and Optimizing Cloud Services 115Motivations to Design Secure Multitenant Networks 118HTTP Tunneling 119Web Proxy/Caching 121Design Considerations for Securing Multitenant Data Centers 124Threat: Identity Theft 124Solution: PCI DSS Compliance 125Operational Challenges 128Penalties 129How the Cloud Model Can Help 129Information Confidentiality 129Operational Challenges 132Penalties 132How the Cloud Model Can Help 132How Virtual Security Is Enabled: Solutions and Architectures-Based Approach 134Traditional Security Approaches as Applied in Virtual Environment 134Security Containers: Contexts and Zones 134Segmentation and Access Control Lists 134Secured Access 135Application Security 135Virtual Appliance Approach 135Cisco ASA1000v Tenant Edge Security Solution 136Cisco Virtual Secure Gateway 138Deployment Considerations 138Summary 141Review Questions 141References 142Chapter 7 Application Performance Optimization 143Application Architectures in the Cloud 144Three-Tier App Architecture in the Virtualized World 146Provisioning and Management 148Application Performance in the Cloud 148Drivers for the Transition from Physical to Virtual Network Services 153Virtualization Awareness 153Agility, Elasticity 153 Multitenancy 154Virtualized Application Delivery Solutions 154WAN Acceleration 154Server Load Balancing 157Summary 157Review Questions 158Part III Inside the SP Next Generation Network (WAN)Chapter 8 IP NGN Infrastructure That Supports Cloud Services 159IP NGNs Evolve in Line with the Cloud 160Role of DCI Technologies in Delivering Cloud Services 162Key Use Cases Enabled by DCI in the Cloud 162Workload Mobility in the Cloud 165Data Center Interconnect Requirements for the Cloud 166DCI Solutions to Build Virtualized and Distributed Cloud Data Centers 167Transport Option 1: Layer 2 over Dark Fiber 168Transport Option 2: Layer 2 over MPLS 173Transport Option 3: Layer 2 over IP 176Ingress and Egress Route Path Optimization 178Summary 182Review Questions 183References 184Chapter 9 Securing Cloud Transport and Edge Using NGN Technologies 187Security Challenges in the Cloud 187Key Requirements to Secure the Cloud 188NGN Solutions to Secure the Cloud 189Providing Secure Access to the Cloud 190Internet Protocol Security 192Transport Layer Security Protocol 200Datagram Transport Layer Security Protocol 201Clientless Versus Full Tunnel 201Securing the Cloud Edge 202Multitenant Traffic Separation 206Summary 209Review Questions 210References 210 Chapter 10 Optimizing and Accelerating Cloud Services 213Enhancing Performance of Cloud Applications and Services 213Role of IP NGN in Optimizing Cloud Applications and Services 213How Cloud Services Are Placed Today 215Network Positioning System 215Cloud Service Placement at an Optimal Location 216NPS Solution Components 219NPS Operation 221Serving Cloud-Based Applications from an Optimal Location 222Application Layer Traffic Optimization 223Dynamic Extension of Customer VPNs 224Accelerating Cloud Services 224Key Benefits of the Cisco WAAS Solution 225Summary 228Review Questions 229References 229Part IV Putting It All Together: Cloud Services DeliveredChapter 11 Connecting Enterprises to the Cloud 231Cloud Aware Enterprise Networks 233How Enterprises Connect to the Cloud 235Enterprise Managed Cloud Connector Deployment 235Cloud Provider-Managed Cloud Connector Deployment 235Examples of Cloud Connectors 236Cloud Web Security Connector 236Webex Cloud Connected Audio 237Ctera Cloud Storage Connector 238Cisco Asigra Cloud Connector 240Future Cloud Connector Concepts 241Cloud Broker Connector 241Federated Identity Connector 243SAML 244OAuth 245Cisco Ping Identity Connector 246Cisco Extensible Cloud Connector Solutions 247 Summary 247Review Questions 248References 249Chapter 12 End-to-End Cloud SLAs 251Defining and Monitoring SLAs 252Network Service Provider 253Colocation Service 255Application Hosting Service Provider 256SLA Targets and Penalties 257SLA Assurance and Methodology 258SLA Management Framework 260SLA in a Cloud Environment 262Complexity of Cloud SLA 262Service Level Metrics 263Cloud Service Level Metrics 263Network Container Level Metrics 264Component Level Metrics 266Location/Scope for the End-to-End Measurements 266Guaranteed SLA 267End-to-End SLAs 270 Summary 271Review Questions 272References 272Chapter 13 Peeking into the Future 273Future Clouds 274The Intercloud 274Internet Analogy 275Intercloud Use Case 276Deeper Dive into the Intercloud Vision 277Intercloud Challenges and the Role of Networks 278Internet of Things 280A Bigger Cloud 281IoT Use Cases 281Sensor Networks and IP 285IoT Challenges: Networks to the Rescue 286 Network Evolution Continues 288Software-Defined Networking 288Hybrid Approach 289Challenges 289Application-Network Interactions 290Summary 293Review Questions 293References 294Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 295 9781587142949 TOC 4/23/2013
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