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Portugal was the pioneer of the transatlantic slave trade, the ruler of both Brazil and Angola — the all time champions of that trade —, and one of the last western countries to decree the abolition of slaving institutions. Paradoxically, and in spite of the overwhelming number of works devoted to the problems of slavery produced in recent decades, little was known about the way Portugal dealt with the twilight of the age of slavery and, most of all, with abolitionism. This book offers the first study of the abolition of the Portuguese slave trade, covering the period from the end of the eighteenth century to the mid-1860s, and bringing to life a dark and silenced corner in the history of the odious commerce. Based on a thorough examination of Portuguese and British historical sources — most of them never used before —, and on his awareness of the international scholarship in the field in which he writes, it investigates not only the Portuguese pro and anti-abolitionist attitudes but also the underlying ideologies, and whether and how those attitudes and ideologies changed over time and in the light of events in the political, economic and social spheres.
Contents
Abbreviations Used in the Notes
Preface
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1. Portugal and Abolitionism at the End of the Eighteenth Century and Beginning of the Nineteenth Century: from Detachment to Political Commitment
Tolerationism and Abolitionism
Portugal, a Country Aloof
Chapter 2. The Maintenance of the Slave Trade in an Abolitionist Context: from the Beginning of British Pressure to Brazilian Secession
The British Pincer
A Time for Concessions: from Vienna to the Convention of 1817
In the Realm of Ideas: Defending Gradualism
Chapter 3. From the Loss of Brazil to the Liberal Wars: Early Abolitionist Proposals and the Return of Silence
The Deadlocks in the Search for Abolitionist Consensus
The Pathways to Abolitionism in Portugal
Chapter 4. Plans and Stratagems: the Septembristas and the Problem of the Suppression of the Slave Trade
Pressures and Procrastinations
The Septembristas Ambiguity on Abolition
Public Opinion and the Suppression of the Slave Trade
Chapter 5. National Honour: Portugal and the Struggle Against the Slave Traders in the Mid Nineteenth Century
The End of the Transatlantic Slave Trade: a Victory for Persistence
Portugal and the Slave Traders
Chapter 6. Colonial Stalemates: 'New Brazils' or Real Africas?
Images of Africa
Failed Colonial Plans
Arican Issues in the Cortes
Conclusions
Appendixes
Bibliography
Index
