Ethical Reasoning: Theory and Application

Kernohan, Andrew

Broadview Press Ltd（2020/10発売）

• 製本 Paperback:紙装版/ペーパーバック版／ページ数 164 p.
• 言語 ENG
• 商品コード 9781554814411
• DDC分類 170

Full Description

The philosophical tradition has given rise to many competing moral theories. Virtue ethics encourages the flourishing of the person, theories of justice and rights tell us to act according to principles, and consequentialist theories advise that we seek to bring about good ends. These varied theories highlight the morally relevant features of the problems that we encounter both in everyday personal interactions and on a broader social scale. When used together, they allow us to address moral conflicts by balancing a plurality of reasons in order to reach nuanced ethical decisions. In Ethical Reasoning: Theory and Application, Andrew Kernohan guides the reader through the basics of these moral theories, showing their strengths and weaknesses and emphasizing the ways in which competing moral reasons can be collectively employed to guide decision-making. Throughout, the focus is on practical applications and on how each theory can play a role in solving problems and addressing issues. Numerous questions and exercises are provided to encourage active reflection and retention of information.

Contents

Introduction
Chapter 1: The Role of Moral Theory
1.1 Cooperation, Reason, and Emotion
1.2 Universalizability, Reason-Giving, Ought-Implies-Can, and the Is-Ought Gap
1.3 Ethical Relativism
1.4 Ethical Decision-Making
1.5 Identity, Principle, and Consequence
Chapter 2: Being a Good Person
2.1 Virtue Ethics
2.2 Virtue, Cooperation, and Community Membership
2.3 Wisdom and Virtue
2.4 The Ethics of Care
2.5 Justice and Virtue
Chapter 3: Acting on Principle
3.1 Duties
3.2 Moral Rights
3.3 Justifying Moral Rights
3.4 Justice and Moral Equality
3.5 Distributive Justice
Chapter 4: Creating Good Consequences
4.1 Egoism and Contractarianism
4.2 Experience-Based Utilitarianism
4.3 Preference-Satisfaction Utilitarianism
4.4 Economic Utilitarianism
4.5 Indirect Utilitarianism
4.6 Teleological and Holistic Ethics
Chapter 5: Who is Responsible? Who Counts?
5.1 Moral Agency
5.2 Causal Responsibility
5.3 Moral Accountability
5.4 Autonomy
5.5 Moral Standing
Chapter 6: Resolving Conflicts Between Moral Reasons
6.1 Ethical Pluralism
6.2 Combining Moral Reasons
6.3 Balancing Moral Reasons
6.4 Fallible Moral Reasoning