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Full Description
Moral Philosophy: A Contemporary Introduction is a compact yet comprehensive book offering an explication and critique of the major theories that have shaped philosophical ethics. Engaging with both historical and contemporary figures, this book explores the scope, limits, and requirements of morality. DeNicola traces our various attempts to ground morality: in nature, in religion, in culture, in social contracts, and in aspects of the human person such as reason, emotions, caring, and intuition.
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Ethical Theory, Moral Concerns
1.1 Morality and Life
1.2 The Value of Ethical Study
1.3 The Moral Sphere
1.4 Identifying the Moral
1.5 Philosophical Ethics
1.6 Evaluation of Ethical Theories
1.7 Cases, Thought-Experiments, and Counterexamples
1.8 The Point of It All
1.9 Sources of Moral Values
Chapter 2: Morality and Religion2.1 The Religious Context
2.2 Religion and Morality
2.3 Divine Command Theory
2.4 Implications
2.5 Critique of Divine Command Theory
2.6 The Two Faces of Religion
2.7 Ethics without God
Chapter 3: Relativism
3.1 Forms of Relativism
3.2 Moral Cultural Relativism
3.3 Critique of Cultural Relativism
3.4 Subjectivism
3.5 The Case of an Honor Killing
3.6 Relativism and Pluralism
Chapter 4: Moral Naturalism
4.1 The Natural and the Good
4.2 Pre-Modern Advocates of Naturalism
4.3 Contemporary Advocates of Naturalism
4.4 Implications and Criticisms of Naturalism and Natural Law
4.5 Unnatural Practices
4.6 Natural Rights
4.7 The Critique of Natural Rights
4.8 Human Capabilities
4.9 Humanity and Morality
Chapter 5: Egoism
5.1 Our Natural Self-Interest
5.2 Psychological Egoism: A Critique
5.3 The Self and Homo economicus
5.4 Evidence and Altruism
5.5 Ethical Egoism
5.6 Testing Egoism as a Moral Theory
5.7 Enlightened Self-Interest
Chapter 6: Utilitarianism
6.1 The Right and the Good
6.2 From Egoism to Utilitarianism
6.3 Bentham's Calculus
6.4 John Stuart Mill
6.5 Qualitative Hedonism
6.6 The Proof of Utility
6.7 From Acts to Rules
6.8 The Adequacy and Impact of Utilitarianism
Chapter 7: Kantianism
7.1 Preview
7.2 Good Will
7.3 Duty and Imperatives
7.4 The Categorical Imperative
7.5 Alternative Formulations of the Categorical Imperative
7.6 The Import of Kantian Ethics
7.7 Critique of Kantian Ethical Theory
Interlude: Principled Ethics
Chapter 8: Contractarianism
8.1 The Moral and the Legal
8.2 Contracts and Consent
8.3 Social Contract Theory
8.4 John Rawls and the Just State
8.5 Morality by Contract
8.6 Critique of Contractualism
8.7 Dissent, Violation, and Reform
Chapter 9: Virtue Ethics
9.1 Moral Theory and Human Relationships
9.2 Character: An Ethic of Virtues and Vices
9.3 Confucian Ethics
9.4 Aristotle and Our Summum Bonum
9.5 Aristotelian Virtues
9.6 MacIntyre and the Revival of Virtue Ethics
9.7 A Commentary on Virtue Ethics
9.8 Challenges to Virtue Ethics
9.9 The Virtues of Virtue Ethics
Chapter 10: Emotions and Moral Sentiment Theory
10.1 The Nature of Emotion
10.2 Emotionality and Morality
10.3 Moral Sentiment Theory
10.4 David Hume's Moral Theory
10.5 Adam Smith on Sympathy and Moral Judgment
10.6 Smith's Impartial Spectator
10.7 The Case of Disgust
10.8 Commentary and Critique
Chapter 11: Care Ethics and the Feminist Standpoint
11.1 Stages of Moral Reasoning
11.2 Different Voices: From Gilligan to Kittay
11.3 Situating Care Ethics
11.4 Critique of Care Ethics
11.5 Standpoint Theory
11.6 Responses to Standpoint Theory
Chapter 12: Particularism and Intuitionism
12.1 From Scenarios to Moral Epistemology
12.2 Taking Notice
12.3 Particularism, Principles, and Perception
12.4 Ethical Intuitionism
12.5 Critique and Rebuttal
12.6 The Social Intuitionist Model
12.7 Concluding Reflections
Chapter 13: Metaethics
13.1 Moral Judgments and Disagreement
13.2 Cognitivism
13.3 Facts and Values
13.4 Noncognitivism and Moral Anti-Realism
13.5 Emotivism and Prescriptivism
13.6 Critique of Noncognitivism
13.7 Error Theory and Non-Naturalism
13.8 The Ground of Morality
Chapter 14: Moral Theory and the Good Life
14.1 Moral Saints
14.2 Good Enough
14.3 Decency, Flourishing, and Morality's Demands
14.4 Moral Repair
14.5 Impossible Choices
14.6 The Role and Limits of Moral Theory
Glossary
Index
