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Full Description
Literary Theory and Criticism: An Introduction provides an accessible overview of major figures and movements in literary theory and criticism from antiquity to the twenty-first century. It is designed for students at the undergraduate level or for others needing a broad synthesis of the long history of literary theory. An introductory chapter provides an overview of some of the major issues within literary theory and criticism; further chapters survey theory and criticism in antiquity, the Middle Ages and Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and the nineteenth century. For twentieth- and twenty-first-century theory, the discussion is subdivided into separate chapters on formalist, historicist, political, and psychoanalytic approaches.
The final chapter applies a variety of theoretical concepts and approaches to two famous works of literature: William Shakespeare's Hamlet and Mary Shelley's Frankenstein.
Contents
List of Tables and Illustrations
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Introduction
Theory vs. Criticism
Close Reading and Literary Studies
Criticism through the Ages
Literary Studies Comes to the University
The "Theory" Revolution
Theory and Criticism Today
Literary Form
Literary Characters
The Importance of Context
The Identity of the Author
The Role of the Reader
Reading as Education, Reading as Entertainment
Diversity
The Uses of Theory and Criticism
Getting Started
Chapter 2: The Ancient World
Plato: The First Literary Theorist
Plato's Republic
Plato's Theory of Forms
The Allegory of the Cave
Speech vs. Writing
Aristotle
Classification
Narrative Form
Mimesis
Rhetoric
Horace's Poetic Art
Quintilian's Figures of Speech
Longinus's Sublime Aesthetics
Chapter 3: The Middle Ages and the Renaissance
Religion and Biblical Interpretation
Establishing a Canon
Medieval Scholasticism
The Four Levels of Interpretation
Maimonides and the Jewish Tradition
The Secularization of Interpretation
Boccaccio's Mythological Studies
Humanism
The Printing Press
Protestantism
The Growth of the Vernacular
New Forms
New Rules for Writing
Chapter 4: The Enlightenment
Print Culture
Addison and Steele and the Birth of Modern Reviewing
Johnson and His Dictionary
The French Encyclopedia
Skepticism
Political Revolutions
Abolitionism
Early Feminism
Aesthetic Innovations
Idealism
Kant's Idealist Philosophy
Hegel's Ideas of History
Chapter 5: The Nineteenth Century
Romanticism and Nineteenth-Century Poetry
Realism, Nationalism, and the Nineteenth-Century Novel
Varieties of Realism
Arnold, Taine, and Literary Studies
Decadent Aesthetics
Poe's Philosophy of Composition
Art for Art's Sake
Nietzsche's Radical Philosophy
Fin-de-siècle Fictions
Chapter 6: Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Formalist Approaches
The Philological Tradition
Saussure and Structuralist Linguistics
Russian Formalism
Anglo-American Formalisms
Practical and New Criticisms
Neo-Aristotelianism
Lévi-Strauss and Structuralist Anthropology
Barthes and Structuralist Semiotics
Narratology
Derrida and Deconstruction
Deconstruction in America
Formalism Today
Chapter 7: Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Historicist Approaches
Historicist Criticism in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Historicism to the 1970s
The "New Historicism"
New Approaches to History and Culture
Foucault and Discourse
Greenblatt and the New Historicism
Bourdieu and the Sociology of Culture
From Bibliography to Book History
Digital Humanities
Chapter 8: Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Political Approaches
Karl Marx
Early Marxist Theory and Criticism
The Frankfurt School
French Marxism
British Cultural Studies
Later Marxist Theory and Criticism
Postcolonial and Ethnic Studies
Said and Orientalism
Later Postcolonial Theory
Gates and the African-American Tradition
The Diversity of Literary Traditions
Feminist Theory and Criticism
Founding Figures
Later Feminist Theorists
Sexuality and Queer Theory
Sedgwick and Butler
Disability and Environmental Studies
Chapter 9: Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Psychoanalytic Approaches
Freud and Freudian Criticism
Jungian Criticism
Jacques Lacan
Julia Kristeva
Heirs to Lacan
Phenomenology
Hermeneutics
Reader-Response Criticism
Cognitive Approaches
Chapter 10: From Theory to Practice
The Example of Hamlet
Hamlet's Organic Unity
Hamlet's Theatricality
Hamlet in Literary History
Hamlet and Class
Hamlet and Gender
Hamlet's Melancholy
The Example of Frankenstein
Frankenstein and Narratology
Frankenstein and History
Frankenstein and Orientalism
Frankenstein and Homosociality
The Sublime, the Abject, the Uncanny
Moving Forward
Glossary
Index
