Full Description
With a keen and incisive perspective, esteemed authors and policing researchers, Samuel Walker and Carol Archbold, address the most recent developments and provide an analysis of what works, what reforms are promising, and what has proven unsuccessful. The book's analysis draws on current research, as well as the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing and the reforms embodied in Justice Department consent decrees.
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
PART I: INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY
1. A National Police Crisis
Ferguson 2014: The Shooting of Michael Brown
A National Police Crisis
The New Conversation About Policing and Police Reform
The Challenge of Police Accountability
A Definition of Police Accountability
PTSR: A Framework for Accountability
Basic Themes in the New Police Accountability
The Challenge Ahead: Reasons for Hope, Reasons for Caution
2. The Accomplishments and Limits of Traditional Police Reforms
Introduction
The Police Professionalization Movement
The Courts and Police Reform
Legislative and Related Strategies for Police Reform
Conclusion: The Lessons of Past Reforms
PART II: THE ELEMENTS OF THE NEW POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY
3. The "Heart Of The Matter": Controlling Police Officer Use of Force
Introduction
Administrative Rulemaking: The Basic Model for Controlling Officer Conduct
Controlling Police Use of Deadly Force
Police Use of Less Lethal Force
Controlling Police Use of Physical Force
The Reporting and Investigation of Use of Force
De-Escalation as a Strategy for Limiting Use of Force
How Accountability-related Reforms Can Transform the Police Subculture
Conclusion
4. Controlling Critical Incidents
Introduction
Controlling Pedestrian Stops and Frisks
"Driving While Black": Traffic Stops and the Racial Profiling Controversy
Vehicle Pursuits: Reducing the Risks
Officer Foot Pursuits: Reducing the Risks
The Deployment of Canines: Reducing the Harms
Reducing Gender-Related Bias in Policing
Responding to Mental Health-Related Incidents
Achieving Bias-Free Policing
Ensuring Officer Integrity
Ensuring Officer Wellness
Guaranteeing People's First Amendment Rights
Conclusion
5. Public Complaints and Police Accountability
Introduction
A Short History of Public Complaints, Internal Affairs Units, and Public Oversight
Basic Issues of Complaints and Complaint Investigations
The Public Complaint Process
Accepting, Recording, Screening, and Classifying Complaints
Investigating Complaints
The Disposition of Complaints
Ensuring the Quality of the Complaint Process
Staffing and Managing the Complaint Process
Evaluating the Complaint Process
Conclusion
6. Early Intervention Systems
Introduction
The Background and Development of the EIS Concept
Basic Issues in Early Intervention Systems
The Basic Requirements for an EIS
The Components of an EIS
The Challenge of Implementing an Early Intervention System
Impacts of an Early Intervention System
The Effectiveness of Early Intervention Systems
The Experiences and Perceptions of EIS Police Managers
Conclusion
7. External Review of the Police
Introduction
Basic Features of Police Auditors and Inspectors General
The Work of the Inspector General for the NYPD
The San Jose Independent Police Auditor
The Los Angeles Police Commission and Inspector General
The Washington, DC, Office of Police Complaints
A Lost Agency: The Special Counsel to the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department
Blue-Ribbon Commissions
The Strengths and Limits of External Review
Another Lost Program: The Collaborative Reform Initiative
Conclusion
PART III: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN ACCOUNTABILITY
8. Increasing Accountability with Risk Management
What is Risk Management?
Risk Management, Police Liability, and Accountability
Early Intervention Systems and Risk Management
The Prevalence of Risk Management in American Policing
Research on Risk Management in Policing
Barriers to the Implementation of Risk Management
Overcoming Barriers to Implementation: The Case of Risk Management in Medicine
Innovative Risk Management in Risk Management in Medicine: The Checklist
Checklists and Policing: Could it Work?
Legalized Accountability and Police Reform
Insurance Companies as Accountability Agents
Looking Ahead: The Future of Risk Management in Policing
9. Police Accountability and Technology
Introduction
Video-Recording Devices Used by the Public
Using Apps to Report Police Misconduct
Video-Recording Devices Used by the Police
Compliance With Body-Worn Camera Activation Policies
Perceptions of Police Body Cameras
Using Social Media to Inform the Public of Police Misconduct
Increasing Police Accountability with Open Data
The Future of Technology and Police Accountability
PART IV: THE FUTURE OF POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY
10. The Future of Police Accountability
The National Police Crisis and its Impact
Progress: "Best Practices" Today
Threats to the Future of Police Accountability
Final Thoughts
Index
