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Full Description
This book narrates the development of science, sci/tech, and intelligence information systems and technologies in the United States from the beginning of World War II to the second decade of our century. The story ranges from a description of the information systems and machines of the 1940s created at Wild Bill Donovan's predecessors of the Central Intelligence Agency, to the rise of a huge international science information industry, and to the 1990's Open Access-Open Culture reformers' reactions to the commercialization of science information. Necessarily, there is much about the people, cultures, and politics that shaped the methods, systems, machines and protests. The reason for that is simple: The histories of technologies and methods are human histories. Science information's many lives were shaped by idiosyncrasies and chance, as well as by social, economic, political and technical 'forces'.
The varied motives, personalities and beliefs of unique and extraordinary people fashioned science information's past. The important players ranged from a gentleman scholar who led the Office of Strategic Services' information work, to an ill-fated Hollywood movie director, to life-mavericks like the science information legend Eugene Garfield, to international financial wheeler-dealers such as Robert Maxwell, and to youthful ultra-liberal ideologically-driven Silicon Valley internet millionaires. However, although there are no determining laws of information history, social, political, legal and economic factors were important. After 1940, science information's tools and policies, as well as America's universities, were being molded by the nation's wealth, its role in international affairs, the stand-off between left and right politics, and by the intensifying conflict between Soviet and Western interests.
Contents
Part One: Information at War with Hitler and Tojo, Then with Stalin
Chapter 1 The OSS' Unusual Librarians
Chapter 2 Forging an Intelligence System
Chapter 3 A New Information Culture
Chapter 4 Microfilm at the OSS, for War and Profit
Chapter 5 One System for All Intelligence
Chapter 6 CIA's Classification and Automation Battles
Part Two: Cold War Information Politics and Lives
Chapter 7 Ideology and Science Information Policy
Chapter 8 The CIA's Librarians Under Fire
Chapter 9 Library and Classification Revolutions? SAL, Semantic Factors, the Luhn Scanner
Chapter 10 Automation Dreams, Minicard
Chapter 11 The CIA vs. the Librarians
Chapter 12 From Microfilm to Computers
Chapter 13 Automatic Translation's Woes
Chapter 14 A Cold War Information Career
Part Three: Information's Troubled Golden Age to the Era of Open Access
Chapter 15 Sputnik's New Politics of Information
Chapter 16 An American Information Century?
Chapter 17 The Plural Information System Survives, With Difficulty
Chapter 18 A New Information Era: The American Information Century's Challengers
Chapter 19 Another Serials Crisis, Open Access, the Return of Ideology
