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Full Description
Regulation by Proxy catalogues the intermediaries that are critical to organic certification, including the National Organic Standards Board, accredited certifying agents, organic inspectors, the California State Organic Program, the Accredited Certifiers Association, the International Organic Inspectors Association, and material review organizations. Drawing on a range of evidence, from original data to the work of prominent food policy authors, Carter assesses each intermediary's contributions to organic standards development, administration, and enforcement. Carter's analysis shows that there are undeniable benefits to how organic food is regulated in the U.S., however, relying on an assortment of intermediaries requires multifaceted oversight for which the USDA may not always have sufficient tools or capacity to realize.
Contents
Chapter 1. Regulation by Proxy
Chapter 2. A Framework for Examining Decentralized Regulation
Chapter 3. Institutional Emergence and Evolution: The History of Organic Food Governance in the U.S.
Chapter 4. Systems-Based Regulations and Rulemaking Counsel: USDA National Organic Standards and the NOSB
Chapter 5. The Regulator: The National Organic Program
Chapter 6. The Third-Party Administrators: Accredited Certification Agents
Chapter 7. The Inspection Intermediaries: Organic Inspectors
Chapter 8. A State-Level Enforcement Intermediary: The California State Organic Program
Chapter 9. Coordinating and Information Intermediaries: Professional Associations and Materials Review Organizations
Chapter 10. The Regulatory Targets: Certified Organic Producers
Chapter 11. Appraising the Analysis: Institutional Design, Intermediaries, and USDA Organic Certification
Chapter 12. Final Reflections: The Theoretical Implications of Regulation by Proxy
