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Full Description
For nearly a century and a half, Americans lived by a powerful tradition in which no President served more than two terms. Then came Franklin Delano Roosevelt, restricted by custom but not by law, who won a third term in 1940 and a fourth in 1944. Believing that the broken norm would be breached again, the Republican-controlled eightieth Congress acted to restore it, passing a constitutional change in 1947 to formalize an absolute limit on presidential tenure.
Ratified in 1951, the Twenty-second Amendment created a lame-duck out of every two-term incumbent since Truman and has had an enormous effect on the institution of the Presidency, public policy, and national politics. Critics believe the Amendment diminishes the presidential office; however, Martin B. Gold contends it serves to maintain checks and balances central to the American Constitution while examining Presidents and term limits, from the spirited debates in the Constitution Convention, the role of custom in an unwritten Constitution, and the Twenty-second Amendment itself.
Contents
Chapter One: The Constitutional Convention (1787) And Its Aftermath
Chapter Two: A Tradition of Self-Restraint Begins: Thomas Jefferson (1808)
Chapter Three: A Tradition Challenged: Ulysses S. Grant (1880)
Chapter Four: A Tradition Under Severe Pressure: Theodore Roosevelt (1912)
Chapter Five: A Tradition In Unexpected Jeopardy: Woodrow Wilson (1920)
Chapter Six: A Tradition Interpreted: Calvin Coolidge (1928)
Chapter Seven: A Tradition Breached: The Third Term of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1940)
Chapter Eight: Tradition Breached Again: The Fourth Term of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1944)
Chapter Nine: The Constitution Amended (1947-1951)
Chapter Ten: The Last Unlimited President: Harry S. Truman (1952)
Chapter Eleven: The Question of Repeal
