Full Description
A title in the Recovering Languages and Literacies of the Americas initiative, supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
A Grammar of Southern Pomo is the first comprehensive description of the Southern Pomo language, which lost its last fluent speaker in 2014. Southern Pomo is one of seven Pomoan languages once spoken in the vicinity of Clear Lake and the Russian River drainage of California. Prior to European contact, a third of all Pomoan peoples spoke Southern Pomo, and descendants of these speakers are scattered across several present-day reservations. These descendants have recently initiated efforts to revitalize the language.
The unique culture of Southern Pomo speakers is embedded in the language in several ways. There are separate words for the many different species of oak trees and their different acorns, which were the people's staple cuisine. The kinship system is unusually rich both semantically and morphologically, with terms marked for possession, generation, number, and case. Verbs similarly encode the ancient interactions of speakers with their land in more than a dozen directional suffixes indicating specific paths of movement.
A Grammar of Southern Pomo sheds new light on a relatively unknown Indigenous California speech community. In many instances Neil Alexander Walker discusses phenomena that are rare or entirely unattested outside the language and challenges long-standing ideas about what human speech communities can create and pass on to children as well as the degree to which culture and place are inextricably woven into language.
Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Preface
Introduction
List of Abbreviations
1. The Cultural, Ecological, and Sociolinguistic Context of the Language
1.1. The Name of the Language
1.2. Previous Research
1.3. Demography at Contact
1.3.1. History after Contact
1.4. The Natural Setting
1.5. Material Culture
1.6. Genetic and Areal Affiliations
1.7. Dialects
1.8. Sociolinguistic Situation
1.8.1. Viability
1.8.2. Loan Words
1.9. The Corpus
1.9.1. Consultants and Other Sources
1.9.2. Presentation of Data
2. Word Structure
2.1. Typological Sketch
2.2. Phonological Inventory and Orthography
2.2.1. Consonants
2.2.2. Vowels
2.2.3. Stress
2.3. Phonetics
2.3.1. Voicing Distinction in Obstruents
2.3.2. Phonemic Status of the Glottal Stop
2.4. Syllable Structure
2.5. Word Structure
2.6. Major Phonological and Morphophonemic Processes
2.6.1. Vowel Harmony
2.6.2. Vowel Deletion
2.6.3. Consonant Alternations
2.6.4. Consonant Assimilation and Dissimilation
2.6.5. Consonant Deletion
2.6.6. Laryngeal Increments
2.7. Relaxed Speech Rules and Contractions
2.8. Word Classes
2.8.1. Nouns
2.8.2. Pronouns
2.8.3. Verbs
2.8.4. Modifiers
2.8.5. Adverbs
2.8.6. The Auxiliary yo ‾ =ʔyo
2.8.7. Particles or Other Minor Word Classes
2.9. The Noun Phrase
2.9.1. Case-Marking NP Enclitics
2.9.2. Other NP Enclitics
2.9.3. Alienable and Inalienable Possession
3. Sentence Structure
3.1. Intransitives
3.2. Transitives
3.3. Ditransitives
3.4. Grammatical Relations
3.4.1. Agent/Patient Case System
3.4.2. Subject/Object Determiner Enclitics
3.5. Voice and Valence-Related Constructions
3.6. Tense/Aspect/Modality and Evidentials
3.7. Constituent Order
3.8. Negation
3.8.1. Bound Negative Morphemes (and Response Particle)
3.8.2. Words with Inherently Negative Meaning
3.9. Questions
3.10. Clause Combinations
3.10.1. Complement Clauses
3.10.2. Switch-Reference
3.10.3. Nominalized Clauses
3.10.4. Coordination
Appendix 1: 2012 Visit with Olive Fulwider and Photographs
Appendix 2: Sample Text
Notes
References
Index
