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Full Description
Across North America's periphery, unknown and overlooked Civil War campaigns were waged over whether the United States or Confederacy would dominate lands, mines, and seaborne transportation networks of North America's mineral wealth. The U.S. needed this wealth to stabilize their wartime economy while the Confederacy sought to expand their own treasury. Confederate armies advanced to seize the West and its gold and silver reserves, while warships steamed to intercept Panama route ships transporting bullion from California to Panama to New York. United States forces responded by expelling Confederate incursions and solidified territorial control by combating Indigenous populations and enacting laws encouraging frontier settlement. The U.S. Navy patrolled key ports, convoyed treasure ships, and integrated continent-wide intelligence networks in the ultimate game of cat and mouse.
This book examines the campaigns to control North America's mineral wealth, linking the Civil War's military, naval, political, diplomatic and economic elements. Included are the hemispheric land and sea adventures involving tycoon Cornelius Vanderbilt, admiral and explorer Charles Wilkes, renowned sea captain Raphael Semmes, General Henry Sibley, cowboy and mountain man Kit Carson, Indigenous leaders Mangas Coloradas and Geronimo, writer and miner Mark Twain, and Mormon leader Brigham Young.
Contents
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Preface
Introduction
1. Visions of Treasure and Empire
2. Bullion and the Start of the Civil War
3. The Panamá Route at the Start of Hostilities
4. Confederate Expansionism
5. The Southwestern Campaign of 1862
6. Capture of Ariel and a Shift to Naval Operations
7. Birth of the Convoy System
8. Lost Silver of the Benjamin F. Hoxie
9. The California Privateers
10. Solidifying U.S. Control of the Pacific Coastline
11. Expansion of the Convoy System
12. The Salvador Pirates
13. Solidifying U.S. Control of Western Territories
14. Final Operations in the West
15. The War's Conclusion
Epilogue: Final Implications
Chapter Notes
Bibliography
Index
