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Full Description
The surface of solids had long been considered simply the external boundary which determined the outside appearance of the solids but had no intrinsic character of its own. The concept that surfaces have specific properties and are the first and foremost means of communication between individual things and the rest of the universe is fairly new, coming into prominence only in the early sixties. This new concept of surface properties was the result of a vast accumulation of knowledge due to recent development of research in this area. This breakthrough of surface science resulted from the combined action of four factors: (i) control of surface sample prep aration, (ii) control of the surface's environment, (iii) improve ment of measurement tools and techniques, and (iv) the importance of surface properties in many new industrial areas. Nearly eighty techniques are now available to help us answer to the following questions: what is the surface structure or arrangement of surface atoms? what are the atomic species present? what is the spatial distribution of foreign atoms? what are the nature and distribution of possible defects on the surface? what is the electronic structure of the surface atoms? what is the motion of atoms on the surface? In general, two or more analytical techniques are used concurrently to assure unequivocal answers to problems. Different techniques employ different combina. tions of incident probes and the scattered or secondary particles that convey information regarding the sur faces.
Contents
Surface Diffusion — Some General Remarks.- 1 Surface Diffusion: Theoretical Aspects.- Relations among Various Diffusion Coefficients — Diffusion and Density Autocorrelation Functions.- Microscopic Theories of D at Zero Coverage.- Statistical Mechanical Models and Surface Diffusion.- 2 Surface Diffusion: Atomic Level.- Observing Surface Diffusion at the Atomic Level I. I. Single Atoms.- Observing Surface Diffusion at the Atomic Level. II. II. Adatom Clusters.- FIM Studies of Surface Migration of Single Adatoms and Diatomic Clusters With and Without a Driving Force.- Field Emission Studies of Surface Diffusion of Adsorbates.- 3 Surface Diffusion: Foreign Adsorbate Mass Transport.- Transport of Adsorbed Species: Correlations with Concentration and Step Structure.- 4 Surface Diffusion: Self-Diffusion Mass Trasnport.- On the Different Driving Forces for the Matter Transport along Surfaces (Abstract).- Mass Transport by Surface Self-Diffusion.- The Study of Surface Self-Diffusion Mass Transport by Measurements of the Morphological Evolution of Tips (Abstract).- 5 Surface Diffusion: Its Role in Some Fundamental and Applied Sciences.- Adatom-Adatom Pair Interactions and Adlayer Superstructure Formation.- Molecular Mobility and Two-Dimensional Transitions in Adsorbed Layers.- Science of Crystal Growth: Rough or Flat Surfaces; Formation and Movement of Steps in Relation to Surface Mobilities and Defects.- Nucleation and Growth of Thin Films.- On the Equilibrium Shape of Metal Crystals.- Influence of Interfacial Diffusion on Materials Microstructure and Behaviour.- Surface Mobility in Chemical Reactions and Catalysis.- The Dynamics and Structure of Water at Interfaces.- The Roles of Surface Adsorption and Mobility in Geologic Systems and Materials.- 6 Surface Diffusion: RecentWorks (Abstracts).- The Density Dependence of the Diffusion Constant in Interacting Lattice Gases: Application to Surface Diffusion of 0 on W (110).- Participants.
