Full Description
In the words of Disraeli, "To be conscious that you are ignorant of the facts is a great step to knowledge. " For most of us, the conscious awareness of relative ignorance is an uncomfortable aspect of daily life. New data appear in such inexorable profusion that the necessity for continuous retooling has joined death and taxes as an inescapable component of our destinies. Perhaps it is this "consciousness of ignorance" that accounts for the success of the preceding volumes of this new series. The Year in Metabolism and The Year in Endocrinology series were introduced with the avowed intention of "providing an efficient and enjoyable bridge between those who are creating new knowledge at the bedside and the professional consciousness of those for whom such knowledge is ultimately intended. " That objective seems particularly appropriate at a time when the award of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology to Guillemin, Schally, and Yalow has served to emphasize the epoch-making advances that have characterized the recent course of endocrinology and me‾bolism. For the 1977 volume of The Year in Metabolism, the previous formula has been preserved. The same internationally recognized authorities again have contributed commentaries about the progress in their areas of expertise. They have been joined by Drs. Jack W. Coburn, David L. Hartenbower, and Charles R. Kleeman, who have provided a new section on Divalent Ion Metabolism.
Contents
1 Cyclic GMP in Metabolism: Interrelationships of Biogenic Amines, Hormones, and Other Agents.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Formation and Degradation of Cyclic GMP.- 1.3. Regulation of Cyclic GMP in Tissues.- 1.4. Some Physiologic Effects That May Correlate with Cyclic GMP.- 1.5. Clinical Studies with Cyclic Nucleotides.- References.- 2 Diabetes Mellitus.- 2.1. Heterogeneity of Diabetes Mellitus.- 2.2. Relationship of Fuels to Hormonal Release and Fuel Economy.- 2.3. Glucagon Secretion—Somatostatin.- 2.4. Epidemiological Findings.- 2.5. Control of Diabetes.- 2.6. Long-Term Complications.- 2.7. Diabetes in Pregnancy.- 2.8. Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.- References.- 3 Glucagon and Somatostatin.- 3.1. Immunoreactive Glucagons in Tissues and Plasma.- 3.2. Structure-Function Relationships of Glucagon.- 3.3. Molecular Basis for Glucagon Actions.- 3.4. Glucagon Metabolism, Clearance, and Degradation.- 3.5. Physiologic Actions of Glucagon.- 3.6. Physiologic Roles of Glucagon in Fuel Homeostasis.- 3.7. Concept of the Bihormonal Unit.- 3.8. Control of Glucagon Secretion.- 3.9. Extrapancreatic Glucagon.- 3.10. Somatostatin.- 3.11. Morphofunctional Interrelationships of the Endocrine Pancreas: Microanatomic Organization of the Islets of Langerhans.- 3.12. Importance of Glucagon in Clinical Medicine—Diabetes Mellitus.- References.- 4 Body Fuel Metabolism.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Glucose Metabolism.- 4.3. Amino Acid Metabolism.- 4.4. Ketone and Fatty Acid Metabolism.- 4.5. Fuel Metabolism in Exercise.- References.- 5 What's New in the Treatment of Obesity?.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. The Core Problem of Treatment.- 5.3. Hypothetical Defended Variables in Obesity.- 5.4. Implications for Treatment.- 5.5. Current New Approaches in Treatment.- 5.6. Conclusion.- References.- 6Disorders of Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Lipoprotein Structure and Metabolism.- 6.3. Hyperlipidemias.- 6.4. High-Density-Lipoprotein Levels and Coronary Heart Disease.- 6.5. Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia.- 6.6. Cholesterol Metabolism and Its Regulation.- 6.7. Familial Hypercholesterolemia.- 6.8. ?-Sitosterolemia and Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis.- 6.9. Hypertriglyceridemia.- 6.10. Chronic Renal Failure and Hyperlipidemia.- 6.11. Treatment of Hyperlipidemia.- References.- 7 Metabolism of Amino Acids and Organic Acids.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Phenylketonuria and Its Variants.- 7.3. The ?-Glutamyl Cycle and 5-Oxoprolinuria.- 7.4. Jamaican Vomiting Sickness and Glutaric Aciduria Type II: Similar Organic Acidurias with Different Etiologies.- References.- 8 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Purine Metabolism.- 8.3. Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Deficiency Associated with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease.- 8.4. Increased Activity of ADA in Red Cells Associated with Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia.- 8.5. Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNP) Deficiency.- 8.6. Purine 5?-Nucleotidase Deficiency in Primary Hypogammaglobulinemia.- 8.7. Hereditary Xanthinuria.- 8.8. Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) Deficiency.- 8.9. Increased Activity of Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase.- 8.10. Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) Deficiency.- 8.11. Nucleoside Triphosphate Pyrophosphohydrolase Deficiency.- 8.12. Gouty Arthritis.- 8.13. Abnormalities of Pyrimidine Metabolism.- References.- 9 Divalent Ion Metabolism.- 9.1. Regulation of Calcium Homeostasis.- 9.2. Phosphate Metabolism.- 9.3. Magnesium Metabolism.- References.- 10 Nutrition, Growth, and Development.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2.Malnutrition and the Mechanisms of Cellular Growth.- 10.3. Genetic Obesity.- References.- 11 Metabolic Aspects of Renal Stone Disease.- 11.1. Introduction.- 11.2. Incidence of Renal Stone Disease.- 11.3. Classification of Renal Stone Disease.- 11.4. Renal Stone Disease Secondary to Increased Crystalloid Excretion.- 11.5. Renal Stone Disease Secondary to Physicochemical Changes in Urine Composition.- 11.6. Idiopathic Renal Stone Disease.- 11.7. Treatment of Renal Stone Disease.- References.- 12 Metabolism and Metabolic Actions of Ethanol.- 12.1. Metabolism of Ethanol.- 12.2. Interaction of Ethanol with Androgen Metabolism.- 12.3. Interaction of Ethanol with Amino Acid Metabolism.- 12.4. Effects of Ethanol on the Gastrointestinal Tract.- References.
