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Colorado Springs, Colorado, spectacularly located at the foot of Pike's Peak, was the site of the joint 1983 Cryogenic Engineer ing Conference - International Cryogenic Materials Conference. Over 300 papers were presented at the two conferences on a variety of cryogenic science and engineering topics. Volume 29 of Advances in Cryogenic Engineering contains 116 of the papers presented at the 1983 Cryogenic Engineering Confer ence. Each paper was comprehensively peer reviewed to maintain the international reputation of the series as the premier archival medium in the field of cryotechnology. I would like to thank both authors and reviewers for their assistance in the preparation of this volume. R. W. Fast, Editor xvii DEDICATION The cryogenic engineering community was saddened to learn of the death of A. Clark Leonard of the Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, on November 24, 1983. Professor Leonard was born in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada, in February, 1922. Following service in the RCAF during World War II he received his B.M.E. degree at the University of Saskatchewan. While serving with the Canadian forces in Korea, he was awarded membership in the Order of the British Empire. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Michigan.
Contents
History.- The Cryogenic Engineering ConferenceAvailability.- Helium Prospects for the Future: Is There a Crisis?.- The Outlook for U.S. LNG Imports.- Applications of Superconductivity - Magnets for Fusion and Physics Research, Test Facilities.- Thermal Performance of the MFTF Magnets.- Single Magnet Test Results of the First EBT-P Development Magnet.- Design, Construction, and Testing of a Large Bore Superconducting Magnet Test Facility (SMTF) at the University of Missouri-Columbia.- Advanced High-Field Coil Designs: 20 TESLA.- Development of a 12-Tesla Multifilamentary Nb3Sn Magnet for MFTF-B.- A Single-Layer Race-Track Magnet Using a Niobium-Tin Conductor.- A Superconducting Magnet for Solid NMR Studies.- Construction and Testing of the Nb3Sn Coils for the High-Field Test Facility.- Development of a 500-mm ID Pulsed Magnet for Testing of High-Current Pulsed Conductors.- Applications of Superconductivity - Components of Electric Power Systems.- Cryo-Electric Testing of a 1000 MVA Superconducting Power Transmission System.- Design and Operation of the 30 MJ Superconducting Magnetic Storage System on the Bonneville Power Administration Bus.- Advanced Applications of Superconductors.- Applications of Superconductivity - Electronics and RF Structures.- A Josephson Voltage Standard Using a Superconducting Loop Containing Multiple Junctions.- Progress on the Development of NbZr Radio Frequency Band Reject Filters.- Lead Technology for Superconducting Resonant Cavities.- Applications of Superconductivity - Cryogenic Techniques.- Experiments and Analyses of Thermal Characteristics and Stress/Strain Distributions of a 0.5 MJ Pulsed Coil.- Training Behavior and Acoustic Emission of Superconducting Magnet.- Acoustic Emission behavior in the 0.5 MJ Pulsed Magnet at Osaka University.- The Design, Assembly, and Test of a Cryostat for a Superconducting Motor.- Modular Thermostatic Vapour-Cooled Current Leads for Cryogenic Service.- Applications of Superconductivity - Magnet Stability.- Transition and Recovery of a Cryogenically Stable Superconductor.- Natural Circulation and Cable Conductors.- Passive Quench Arrest by a Chimney Induced Deluge at Every Quench Front.- Finite-Difference Modeling of the Cryostability of Helium II Cooled Conductor Packs.- Pressure Rise Analysis in Superconducting Coils during Dumping.- Consequences of Shorted Turns in a Superconducting Magnet.- Heat Exchangers, Heat Transfer to He I and Liquid Nitrogen.- Effect of Heat Transfer from Ambient on Cryogenic Heat Exchanger Performance.- Performance of Cryogenic Heat Exchangers with Heat Leak from the Surroundings.- Heat Transfer to Subcooled He I.- Light Induced Cooling of a Heated Solid Immersed in Liquid Helium I.- Improvement in the Heat Transfer of a Gas Filled Thermal Switch.- Film Boiling Heat Transfer to Liquid Nitrogen: A Comparison of Transient and Steady State Measuring Techniques.- Heat Transfer in He II.- Heat Transport in Forced Flow He II: Analytic Solution.- Transient Heat Transfer in Superfliud Helium - Part II.- Heat Flow in a He II Filled Fin.- Heat Flow in He II in Microbore Channels.- Refrigeration for Superconducting and Cryopump Systems.- Control and Operation Cost Optimization of the Hiss Cryogenic System.- The Helium Cryogenic System for the Superconducting High-Luminosity Insertion at the CERN-ISR.- Cooldown of a 30-MVA Superconducting Synchronous Condenser.- Refrigeration System for the Fermilab Superconducting Collider Detector Solenoid.- Forced Two-Phase Cooling of the TPC Superconducting Solenoid.- The Doublet III Neutral Beam Injector Cryosystem.- Liquid Helium Rotational Reservoir Management in a 20-MVA Superconducting Generator.- Analytical Tools for LHe Distribution System Design.- Automation of a Cryogenic Facility by Commercial Process Control Computer.- Refrigeration of Cryogenic Systeas - Fermilab Tevatron.- Commissioning of the Tevatron Satellite Refrigeration System.- Control of the Tevatron Satellite Refrigeration System.- Fermilab's Satellite Refrigerator Expansion Engines.- Fermilab Satellite Refrigerator Comprerssors with Oil and Moisture Removal Systems.- Fermilab Central Helium Liquefier Operations.- Refrigeration and Liquefaction.- An Entropy Flow Optimization Technique for Helium Liquefaction Cycles.- An Optimum Cold end Configuration for Helium Liquefaction Cycles.- Combined Cold Compressor/Ejector Helium Refrigerator Cycle.- Helium Refrigerator with Features for Operation at Supercritical Pressure.- Some Experimental Results for an Automatic Helium Liquefier.- Miniature Cryogenic Expansion Turbines-a Review.- A Robust Thrust Bearing for Cryogenic Turbines.- Kinetics of a Gas Adsorption Compressor.- Instability in He II Refrigeration.- Dilution and Magnetic Refrigeration, Cryocoolers, Refrigeration for Space Applications.- The Pursuit of Absolute Zero.- New Design Criteria for the Dilute Channel in Dilution Refrigerators.- Double Acting Reciprocating Magnetic Refrigerator: Recent Improvements.- The Helium Magnetic Refrigerator I: Development and Experimental Results.- The Helium Magnetic Refrigerator II: Liquefaction Process and Efficiency.- The Carnot Type Magnetic Refrigeration below 4.2 K: Computer Simulation.- Experiment to Determine Properties of Packed Particle Beds and Regenerators at Cryogenic Temperatures.- Temperature Stability Limits for an Isothermal Demagnetization Refrigerator.- A Fast Cool-Down J-T Minicryocooler.- Low-Temperature Expansion Pulse Tubes.- Magnetically Suspended Stirling Cryogenic Space Refrigerator: Test Results.- Cryogenic Applications - Space Science and Technology.- IRAS Cryogenic System Flight Performance Report.- Infared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) Superfluid Helium Tank Temperature Control.- Design and Performance of Transfer Assembly for the Infared Telescope for Space Lab 2.- Long Term Cryogen Storage in Space: A Feasibility Study.- Sintered Plug Flow Modulation of a Vapor-Liquid Phase Separator for a Helium II Vessel.- Superfluid Porous Plug Performance.- Zero-g Experiments with a He II Active Phase Separator for Space Application.- Passive Orbital Disconnect Strut.- Development of a Para-Orthohydrogen Catalytic Converter for a Solid Hydrogen Cooler.- Helium Hammer in Superfluid Transfer.- Supercritical Hydrogen Expulsion Utilizing an External Pressurization System.- Ground Support Equipment for the Loading of High Pressure and Density Cryogenic Helium.- Heating Cryogenic Helium with a Solid Propellant Gas Generator.- Cryogenic Applications - Storage and Transfer of Cryogenic Fluids.- Reducing Boiloff Losses in Cryogenic Storage Systems to the Minimum.- Calculation of the Pressure Rise in the Fermilab 19000 L Helium Dewar.- Discrete Cooling of Supports and Multi-Layer Insulation in Helium Dewars.- Thermal Overfill, and the Surface Vaporisation of Cryogenic Liquids under Storage Conditions.- Rollover Test in LNG Storage Tank and Simulation Model.- Operating Experience with a High Capacity Helium Pump under Supercritical Conditions.- A Liquid Helium Piston Pump with a Superconducting Drive.- A Rotating Liquid Helium Transfer System.- A Comparison of Flow Rates and Pressure Profiles for N-Sequential Inlets and Three Related Seal Configurations.- The Analysis and Development of a Floating LNG Emergency Transfer Hose.- Feasibility Tests of Pipeline Pigs for Cryogenic Pipelines.- Cryogenic Instrumentation and Data Acquisition.- Investigation of Transducers for Large-Scale Cryogenic Systems in Italy.- Pulsed Current Resistance Thermometry.- Helium Flow Measurement Using Ultrasonic Technique.- Characterization of Anemometric-Type Flowmeters for Cryogenic Helium.- A Test Circuit for Calibration of Liquid and Supercritical Helium Flowmeters.- Automated Data Acquisition for Large Cryogenic Systems.- Properties of Fluids.- Status of Thermophysical Properties Data for Pure Fluids and Mixtures of Cryogenic Interest.- Measurement and Correlation of Isochoric P-V-T Behavior of a Binary H2-CH4 Mixture from Near Ambient to Cryogenic Temperatures and Pressures to 700 ATM.- Three-Phase Liquid-Liquid-Vapor Equilibria in the Methane + N-Butane + Nitrogen System.- The Critical Liquid Volume Fraction Used to Represent and Predict Liquid-Vapor Coexistence Densities of Ethylene.- Thermodynamic Properties of Ethylene at Saturation.- Evaluation of Mixing Rules for VLE Calculations.- Calculation of Excess Enthalpies of Mixing for Binary Gaseous Mixtures.- Effect of Cohesion Parameter on VLE Calculations.- Prediction of High Pressure Vapor-Liquid Equilibria with a Mixing Rule Using the Asog Group Contribution Method.- The High Solubility of Water in Liquid Nitrogen and Other Cryogenic Liquids.- Desorption of Benzene-Toluene Mixtures from Activated Carbon.- Miscellaneous Cryogenic Applications.- Biomedical Applications of Cryogenics in China.- A 650 mm Long Liquid Hydrogen Target for Use in a High Intensity Electron Beam.- Indexes.- Author Index.
