Full Description
Introduction and Perspectives This volume represents the Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Symposium on Drugs of Abuse, Immunomodulation, and AIDS. The meeting was held in Nashville, Tennessee, June 12-14, 1997. In this symposium, as in the past, newer knowledge was reviewed concerning the relationship between the immune and the nervous systems with regard to the effects of drugs of abuse. This symposium focused on the relationship between the immune system and the nervous system with regard to the effects of drugs of abuse and infections such as the immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS. As in the past symposia, presentations fo cused on the brain-immune axis from the viewpoint of drugs of abuse rather than from the subject of the brain or immunity alone. The aim of this series of conferences has been to clarify the consequences ofimmunomodulation induced by drugs of abuse on susceptibility and pathogenesis of infectious diseases, both in man and in various animal model systems. Recreational use of drugs of abuse, such as morphine, cocaine, and marijuana, as well as alcohol, by large numbers of individuals in this country and around the world has aroused serious concerns about the consequences of use of such drugs, especially on the normal physiological responses of an individual, including immune mechanisms. It is now widely known that many drugs of abuse, including marijuana, are used by millions ofindi viduals in this country and by even more abroad.
Contents
1. Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Modulation of the Immune System by Drugs of Abuse.- 2. Immunomodulation of Macrophage Functions by Opioids.- 3. Morphine Accelerates the Progression of Sepsis in an Experimental Sepsis Model.- 4. Morphine Depresses Macrophage Numbers and Function in Mouse Spleens.- 5. Centrally-Mediated Opioid-Induced Immunosuppression: Elucidation of Sympathetic Nervous System Involvement.- 6. The Expression of Interleukin-l? Converting Enzyme (ICE) in Rat Is Decreased following Chronic Exposure to Morphine.- 7. Opioid Receptor Gene Expression in the Porcine Immune System.- 8. The Effects of Interaction between Morphine and Interleukin-1 on the Immune Response.- 9. Morphine Alters the Immune Response to Influenza Virus Infection in Lewis Rats.- 10. Orphan Opioid Receptor Oligonucleotides Inhibit HIV-1 Expression in Human Brain Cells.- 11. Opiate Effects on in Vitro Human Retroviral Infection.- 12. FIV: A Lentivirus Model for Opiate Effects on Disease.- 13. Changes in Kappa Opioid Receptor Expression during Maturation of Mouse Lymphocytes.- 14. Modulation of DPK Cell Function by the Kappa Opioid Agonist U50,488H.- 15. Properties of ?3 Opiate Alkaloid Receptors in Macrophages Astrocytes, and HL-60 Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells.- 16. Morphine during Pregnancy in the Rat: Studies of Cellular Immunity in Cross-Fostered Offspring.- 17. Western Blot Analysis of the Delta (?)-Opioid Receptor in Activated Murine T Cells.- 18. Morphine's Immunologie and Analgesic Effects: Comparison of Time Course.- 19. Immunomodulation Mediated by Micro injection of Morphine into the Periaqueductal Gray Matter of the Mesencephalon.- 20. Novel Non-Peptidic Opioid Compounds with Immunopotentiating Effects.- 21. Cocaine-Induced Release of Corticosterone MediatesDifferential Effects on T-Helper1 and T-Helper2 Cell Responses.- 22. Cocaine Enhances Monocyte Migration across the Blood—Brain Barrier: Cocaine's Connection to AIDS Dementia Vasculitis?.- 23. The Role of Macrophages in THC-Indueed Alteration of the Cytokine Network.- 24. Cannabinoid Receptors and the Cytokine Network.- 25. Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Enhance Syncytia Formation in MT-2 Cells Infected with Cell Free HIV-1MN.- 26. Cannabinoids Alter Neurotoxicity Produced by Interleukin-6 in Central Nervous System Neurons.- 27. Viral and Host Determinants of Neurovirulence of HIV-1 Infection.- 28. Immunity and Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: A Pilot Study in Human Adolescents.- 29. Isobutyl Nitrite Liberates Nitric Oxide Which is Not Responsible for the Immunotoxicity of the Inhalant.- 30. The Role of Norepinephrine and Beta-2-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation in the Modulation of TH1, TH2, and B Lymphocyte Function.- 31. Nicotine-Induced Modulation of T Cell Function: Implications for Inflammation and Infection.- 32. Regulated Expression of an Endopeptidase that Hydrolyses ?-Endorphin during Differentiation of Macrophages and T Cells.- 33. Cytokine Induction during Methionine Enkephalin and AZT Therapy for Murine Retrovirus Infection.
