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Full Description
In the twenty years since their inception, modern dynamic light-scattering techniques have become increasingly sophisticated, and their applications have grown exceedingly diverse. Applications of the techniques to problems in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and fluid mechanics have prolifer ated. It is probably no longer possible for one or two authors to write a monograph to cover in depth the advances in scattering techniques and the main areas in which they have made a major impact. This volume, which we expect to be the first of aseries, presents reviews of selected specialized areas by renowned experts. It makes no attempt to be comprehensive; it emphasizes a body of related applications to polymeric, biological, and colloidal systems, and to critical phenomena. The well-known monographs on dynamic light scattering by Berne and Pecora and by Chu were published almost ten years ago. They provided comprehensive treatments of the general principles of dynamic light scat tering and gave introductions to a wide variety of applications, but natu rally they could not treat the new applications and advances in older ones that have arisen in the last decade. The new applications include studies of interacting particles in solution (Chapter 4); scaling approaches to the dynamics of polymers, including polymers in semidilute solution (Chapter 5); the use of both Fabry-Perot interferometry and photon correlation spectroscopy to study bulk polymers (Chapter 6); studies of micelIes and microemulsions (Chapter 8); studies of polymer gels (Chapter 9).
Contents
1 Introduction.- References.- 2 Light Scattering Apparatus.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Electromagnetic Waves.- 2.3. Light Scattering.- 2.4. The Light Scattering Experiment.- 2.5. Signal-to-Noise Ratio.- 2.6. Data Analysis.- 2.7. Special Apparatus.- 2.8. Conclusions.- References and Notes.- 3 Dynamic Depolarized Light Scattering.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Principles of Depolarized Scattering.- 3.3 Rigid Macromolecules in Dilute Solution.- 3.4. Rod-Shaped Macromolecules in Semidilute Solutions.- 3.5. Flexible Macromolecules.- 3.6. Rotation of Small Molecules in Viscous Media.- 3.7. Resonance-Enhanced Depolarized Dynamic Light.- Scattering.- References and Notes.- 4 Particle Interactions.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Quantities Measured by Light Scattering.- 4.3.Theory.- 4.4. Charged Particles in Dilute Suspension (Negligible Hydrodynamic Interactions).- 4.5. Effects of Hydrodynamic Interactions.- 4.6. Small-Ion Effects.- 4.7. Conclusions.- 4.8. Addendum.- References and Notes.- 5 Quasielastic Light Scattering from Dilute and Semidilute Polymer Solution.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2.The Single Chain.- 5.3. Virial Regime.- 5.4. Semidilute Solutions.- References.- 6Dynamic Light Scattering in Bulk Polymers.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Light Scattering.- 6.3. Sources of Light Scattering.- 6.4. Theory.- 6.5. Applications.- 6.6. Conclusions.- References.- 7 Critical Phenomena.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Critical Fluctuations.- 7.3. Depolarized Rayleigh Scattering.- 7.4 .Entropy Fluctuations.- 7.5. Multicomponent Fluids.- 7.6. Spinodal Decomposition and Critical Behavior Induced by Shear Flow.- References.- 8 Laser Light Scattering in Micellar Systems.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Theoretical Aspects of Deducing Micellar Size, Polydispersity, and Shape.- 8.3. Applications of Laser Light Scattering to Micellar Systems.- 8.4. Summary.- References.- 9Light Scattering from Polymer Gels.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Collective Modes in Gels.- 9.3. Kirkwood-Risemann-Type Expression of Diffusion Coefficient.- 9.4. Phase Transition in Gels.- 9.5. Conclusion.- References.- 10 Biological Applications.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2. Physical Principles of Quasielastic Light Scattering.- 10.3. Instrumentation and Data Analysis.- 10.4. Macromolecular Characterization and Interactions.- 10.5. Physiological and Biomedical Applications.- 10.6. Conclusion.- References.
